通过建立苏州市1990~2007年的物流企业空间与属性数据库,借助GIS空间分析模块,采用样方、空间自相关以及热点区分析方法,对城市物流企业空间分布及其演化进行探究。研究表明:(1)近20年来,物流企业区位分布总体处于集聚状态,但BPI呈减小趋势,显示集聚强度减弱;物流空间分布从少数高强度中心向多集聚中心扩散,缺乏全局性的高值和低值集聚中心区,物流企业空间分布发生演化和迁移;(2)物流企业分布的热点区发生明显的扩散和迁移,热点区由单一向多极、由中心城区向次中心城镇扩展,拓展呈现明显的沿路和沿江的带状分布;(3)资产型和非资产型物流企业区位及演化存在显著差异,资产型物流企业在中心城区分布呈扩散和离心化特征,而非资产型物流企业在中心城区分布呈集聚和向心化趋势明显。

This paper studies spatial pattern and evolution location of urban logistics enterprises and reveals its general laws. Through establishing logistics space and attribute database of Suzhou during 1990-2007, with GIS spatial correlation analysis module and visualization, this paper applies quadrat, spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis to study urban logistics geographic distribution and evolution. The research shows the following results. (1) In recent 20 years, generally the logistics enterprise distribution has been in a state of agglomeration, but as time goes by, the decline of BPI marks a weakening tendency, for the logistics enterprise distribution expands from few intensive centers to other aggregation centers, lacking global higher and lower value centers. Thus, the distribution displays evolution and migration. (2) Globally, the hotspot of logistics enterprise distribution shows apparent expansion and migration. First, the area of hotspot evolves from singleness to multiplicity, and expands from downtown to sub-center towns. Second, the spatial expansion of hotspots shows the striking characteristics of being along the roads (G312 National Road and Shanghai-Nanjing Road) and river (Yangtze River). (3) Asset and non-asset logistics enterprises have significant differences in spatial distribution and pattern evolution: asset logistics hotspots have weakened in the downtown, further expansion and centrifugation, while non-asset logistics hotspots are mainly in the downtown, with obvious centralization and distribution along G312 National Road.