选取闽江河口湿地入侵植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)为研究对象,测定其各个构件生物量和钾元素含量季节变化,结果表明:互花米草地上部分各个构件钾元素含量从春季到冬季逐渐减少,除夏季外,其余季节绿茎和绿叶钾元素含量显著高于立枯部分(P<0.05),花仅出现在秋冬季节,且在秋季钾元素含量达到峰值(8.97 ± 0.51 mg·g-1);地下部分不同深度根系钾元素含量全年波动较小,在4.38 ± 0.87 mg·g-1 ~ 7.34 ± 0.56 mg·g-1之间,无明显季节变化规律;不同季节绿茎和绿叶钾元素积累量均显著大于立枯部分(P<0.05),钾元素积累量主要集中在绿茎,其次为绿叶;地下部分,不同季节,钾元素积累量均随着深度的增加而减少,夏季地下总积累量达到全年最低值7.89 ± 2.60 g·m-2;地上和地下部分总的钾元素积累量秋季最高(38.10 ± 3.38 g·m-2),冬季最低(23.77 ± 6.38 g·m-2),全年除冬季外,其余各个季节均无显著性差异(P>0.05);不同构件中生物量与钾元素含量对钾元素的积累量的影响程度不同。
章文龙, 曾六福, 张林海, 曾从盛
. 闽江河口湿地互花米草钾元素分布、积累与季节动态[J]. 地理研究, 2011
, 30(11)
: 2076
-2082
.
DOI: 10.11821/yj2011110014
Taking the invasive Spartina alterniflora in the Minjiang River estuary as test objectives, this paper studied the seasonal dynamics of kalium and biomass in different organs of S. alterniflora. The results showed that, on one hand, the kalium content in different organs of aboveground S. alterniflora was reduced gradually with the growing process in the general changing trend within a growing season. Except in the summer, the kalium content in green part was significantly higher than standing dead of S. alterniflora (P<0.05). The flower had maximum kalium content (8.97 ± 0.51 mg·g-1) in winter and only appeared in autumn and winter. On the other, the kalium content of underground part of different depth roots, with no obvious changes, ranged between 4.38 ± 0.87 mg·g-1 and 7.34 ± 0.56 mg·g-1. In addition, the accumulation of kalium in green part was significantly higher than that of standing dead of S. alterniflora (P<0.05), while the main concentration was in the green stem, followed by green leaf. As for the underground part, the accumulation of kalium reduced with the increment of the depth, and had minimum kalium accumulation (7.89 ± 2.60 g·m-2) in summer. To some extent, the total accumulation of kalium measured tallest in autumn (38.10 ± 3.38 g·m-2), and lowest in winter (23.77 ± 6.38 g·m-2). Except in winter, there are no significant differences (P>0.05) in the other seasons. Biomass and contents of kalium had different influences on kalium accumulation in different organs of S. alterniflora.
[1] Keddy P A.Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2010.4~107.
[2] 杨永兴.国际湿地科学研究进展和中国湿地科学研究优先领域与展望.地球科学进展,2002,17(4):508~514.
[3] 杨永兴.从魁北克2000—湿地大事件活动看21世纪国际湿地科学研究的热点与前沿.地理科学,2002,22(2):150~155.
[4] 熊汉锋,王运华.湿地碳氮磷的生物究进展.土壤通报,2005,36 (2):240~243.
[5] 杨永兴,刘长娥,杨杨.长江河口九段沙海三棱藨草湿地生态系统N、P、K的循环特征.生态学杂志,2009,28(10):1977~1985.
[6] Leigh R A,Wyn-Jones R G.A hypothesis relating critical potassium concentrations for growth to the distribution and functions of this ion in the plant cell.New Phytologist,1984,97:1~13.
[7] 钦佩,经美德,谢民.福建罗源湾海滩互花米草盐沼中氮、磷、钾元素分布的研究.海洋科学,1988,12(4):62~67.
[8] 刘长娥,杨永兴,杨杨.九段沙上沙湿地植物钾元素的分布、积累与动态.湿地科学,2008,6(2):185~191.
[9] 钦佩,谢民,仲崇信.福建罗源湾海滩互花米草盐沼中18种金属元素的分布.海洋科学,1989,13(6):23~27.
[10] 杨永兴,刘长娥,杨杨.长江河口九段沙互花米草湿地生态系统N、P、K的循环特征.生态学杂志,2009,28(2):223~230.
[11] 张林海,曾从盛,仝 川.闽江河口湿地芦苇和互花米草生物量季节动态研究.亚热带资源与环境学报,2008,3(2):25~33.
[12] 章文龙,曾从盛,张林海,等.闽江河口湿地植物氮磷吸收效率季节变化.应用生态学报,2009,20(6):1317~1322.
[13] 曾从盛,张林海,仝川.闽江河口湿地芦苇和互花米草氮、磷养分季节动态.湿地科学,2009,7(1):16~24.
[14] 仝川,闫宗平,王维奇,等.闽江河口感潮湿地入侵种互花米草甲烷通量及影响因.地理科学,2008,28(6):826~832.
[15] 鄂焱,仝川,王维奇,等.底物和电子受体对互花米草湿地沉积物甲烷产生潜力的影响.湿地科学与管理,2010,6(1):49~54.
[16] 仝川,刘白贵.不同水淹环境下河口感潮湿地枯落物分解及营养动态.地理研究,2009,28(1):118~128.
[17] 曾从盛,王维奇,仝川.不同电子受体及盐分输入对河口湿地土壤甲烷产生潜力的影响.地理研究,2008,27(6):1321~1330.
[18] 刘剑秋,曾从盛,陈宁.闽江河口湿地研究.北京:科学出版社,2006.331~334.
[19] 杨永兴,何太蓉,王世岩.三江平原典型湿地生态系统P、K分布特征及其季节动态研究.应用生态学报,2001,12(4):522~526.
[20] 曹慧,王孝威,付循成.高等植物的钾营养.北方园艺,2008,32(2):48~51.
[21] Gierth M,Mǎser P.Potassium transporters in plants-Involvement in K+ acquisition,redistribution and homeostasis.FEBS Letters,2007,581:2348~2356.
[22] 毛培培,赵云云.植物对钾营养的吸收运转和胁迫反应的研究进展.生物学通报,2008,43(8):11~13.
[23] Clarkson D T.Factors affecting mineral nutrient acquisition by plants.Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1985,36:77~115.
[24] Cain M L,Subler S,Evans J P,et al.Sampling spatial and temporal variation in soil nitrogen availability.Oecologia,1999,118:397~404.
