土地利用/土地覆被变化改变了地表生态系统组成结构,影响着生态系统功能,威胁着区域生态安全。本文以辽河流域的浑河-太子河流域为研究区,探讨了流域空间尺度上的LUCC特征及其所带来的生态效应。研究表明,不同的生态指标对LUCC的响应程度略有不同:(1)从景观生态格局角度看,反映生态系统斑块形状特征的景观指数对LUCC的响应较弱,而对生态系统斑块之间关系的景观指数对LUCC的响应较强。2007年与1992年相比,SHDI呈现出变大的趋势,分别反映出各生态类斑块呈均衡化状态变好。CONTAG呈现出变小的趋势,反映出优势生态景观类型的破碎化程度有所增加。(2)从生态功能效应角度看,2007年与1992年相比,LUCC使得植被覆盖度、水土保持能力等单因子生态功能效应指标呈现出变好的特征;综合考虑生态系统供给、调节、文化与支持功能的综合生态功能效应呈现出持平的特征。
侯鹏, 王桥, 王昌佐, 蒋卫国, 赵彦伟
. 流域土地利用/土地覆被变化的生态效应[J]. 地理研究, 2011
, 30(11)
: 2092
-2098
.
DOI: 10.11821/yj2011110016
Land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) has effects on the composition of the surface structure of the ecosystem and ecosystem function, and threatens the regional ecological security. In this paper, the Hunhe-Taizi river watershed is taken as the study area, and land-use/land-cover data are extracted from satellite images acquired by Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor onboard Landsat-5 with object-oriented and interpretation methods in 1992 and 2007, then the ecological effect of LUCC in a basin scale. The results show that different ecological indicators have different responses to LUCC. (1) From the perspective of the landscape ecological pattern, some indexes in response to LUCC is weak, which mainly reflects the shape of landscape patch. On the other hand, some indexes responding to LUCC is strong, which mainly reflects the relationship between the ecosystem landscape patches. SHDI and AWMPED show an increasing trend, reflecting the ecological balance of the state class plaque was better and the degree of disturbance by human activity slightly decreased. CONTAG shows a decreasing trend, reflecting the increase in the degree of landscape fragmentation. (2) From the perspective of ecological functions, LUCC was better in some single factors of ecological function, such as vegetation cover, biological abundance, and soil conservation capacity in 2007 compared with 1992. When comprehensive functions of the ecosystem, including supply, regulation, culture and support, are taken into account, ecological effect is worse in 2007 compared with 1992.
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