城市滨水区的空间结构普遍表现为沿主轴向两端扩展的带状特征,带状休闲空间也成为城市滨水区休闲空间设计的主要模式。通过对国内外文献的梳理和对基本概念的回顾,阐述和归纳了城市滨水区带状休闲空间的流动性、对称性、双栖性和开放性等主要特征。以大运河杭州主城段的休闲空间与休闲产品为例,重点分析了点状、线状、面状三种空间单元的布局结构及其基本演化特点;进一步指出了大运河杭州主城段休闲空间结构的主要空间特征:具有资源的二次指向性、空间分布的非均一性和空间功能的互补性。并对城市滨水区带状休闲空间的营造提出了优化空间秩序、保护蓝绿双带、构建协作联盟、突显空间个性及延续地域文脉等对策建议,以最终实现城市滨水区可持续和谐发展。
张环宙, 沈旭炜, 高静
. 城市滨水区带状休闲空间结构特征及其实证研究——以大运河杭州主城段为例[J]. 地理研究, 2011
, 30(10)
: 1891
-1900
.
DOI: 10.11821/yj2011100015
The spatial structure of urban waterfront generally extends along the axis to both ends, namely being a zone, which also becomes one of the main modes of leisure spatial planning and design in the water area. Based on a review of basic concepts and literatures at home and abroad, this paper expounded and summarized major spatial structure features of leisure zones in urban waterfront, that is mobility, symmetry, amphibiousness, and openness. The leisure products and service within a leisure zone of the Grand Canal in downtown Hangzhou were taken as a case to focus on and analyze the spatial layout and evolution of point, linear, and planar space unit. Furthermore, this study pointed out that the spatial assembling of existing resources showed us a first and a second orientation, the spatial distribution of nodes in the zone was unbalanced and the spatial functions were complementary considering both internal and external dimensions. Finally, some suggestions and proposals, including optimizing spatial order, protecting the Blue Belt and Green Belt, constructing collaborative alliances, highlighting spatial character and carrying on regional context, were put forward to realize a sustainable and harmonious development of the leisure zone in urban waterfront.
[1] 邹卓君,杨建军.城市形态演变与城市水系动态关系探讨.规划师,2003,19(2):87~90.
[2] José E A G.Waterfront design without policy？The actual uses of Manila’s Baywalk.Cities,2008,25(2):86~106.
[3] 张亮,刘月,李富祥,等.鸭绿江河口水文特性对丹东市城市空间格局演变的影响.经济地理,2010,30(7):1107~1111.
[4] 周永广,沈旭炜.基于时空维度的城市滨水区的开发导向.城市问题,2011,(2):30~35.
[5] Huang S L,Wang S H,Budd W W.Sprawl in Taipei’s peri-urban zone:Responses to spatial planning and implications for adapting global environmental change.Landscape and Urban Planning,2009,90(1~2):20~32.
[6] Hagerman C.Shaping neighborhoods and nature:Urban political ecologies of urban waterfront transformations in Portland.Cities,2007,24(4):285~297.
[7] Kear M.Spaces of transition spaces of tomorrow:Making a sustainable future in Southeast False Creek,Vancouver.Cities,2007,24(4):324~334.
[8] 汪芳,廉华.线型旅游空间研究:以京杭大运河为例.华中建筑,2007,25(8):108~112.
[9] Swensen G,Jerpåsen G B.Cultural heritage in suburban landscape planning:A case study in Southern Norway.Landscape and Urban Planning,2008,87(4):289~300.
[10] 宋伟轩,徐岩,朱喜钢.城市滨水空间公共性现状与规划思考.城市发展研究,2009,16(7):45~50.
[11] Soma K,Vatn A.Local democracy implications for coastal zone management:A case study in southern Norway.Land Use Policy,2009,26(3):755~762.
[12] Tang Z H.Evaluating local coastal zone land use planning capacities in California.Ocean & Coastal Management,2008,51(7):544~555.
[13] Pourebrahim S,Hadipour M,Mokhtar M B.Integration of spatial suitability analysis for land use planning in coastal areas:Case of Kuala Langat District,Selangor,Malaysia.Landscape and Urban Planning,2011,101(1):84~97.
[14] Dalton T,Thompson R,Jin D.Mapping human dimensions in marine spatial planning and management:An example from Narragansett Bay,Rhode Island.Marine Policy,2010,34(2):309~319.
[15] 沈山,沈正平,孙旭芳,等.主题性旅游协作联盟及其构建:以运河文化主题协作联盟为例.地理研究,2008,27(6):1444~1454.
[16] 张环宙,吴茂英.休闲游憩导向的国外城市历史滨水地段复兴研究.人文地理,2010,25(4):132~136.
[17] 吴志军,田逢军.城市滨水旅游意象及其对旅游者选择意愿的影响研究.旅游学刊,2010,25(6):78~83.
[18] 陆杏梅,沙润,田逢军.基于IPA方法的城市滨水区旅游形象感知影响因子分析:以南京沿江地区为例.南京师大学报: 自然科学版,2010,33(2):120~125.
[19] 郭旭,熟恩章,陈旸.论休闲经济与城市休闲空间的发展.城市规划,2008,32(12):79~86.
[20] 冯维波.城市游憩空间分析与整合.北京:科学出版社,2009.12~13.
[21] Olson B A.Paper trails:The outdoor recreation resource review commission and the rationalization of recreational resources.Geoforum,2010,41(3):447~456.
[22] 沈旭炜.城市滨水区休闲空间感知对行为意愿的影响研究.杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2010.26.
[23] 刘邦凡,王金华,周海娟.试论我国城市河湖的休闲治理.城市发展研究,2010,17(4):12~15.
[24] 何礼平,李南,张叶田.城市带状休闲空间与动态景观的创造:丽水市大溪江滨江景观带的创作思路.华中建筑,2004,(5):101~103.
[25] 刘莹.城市滨水区空间形态分析.天津:天津大学硕士学位论文,2004.15.
[26] 邓清华.城市空间结构的历史演变.地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(6):78~82.
[27] 张京祥,邓化媛.解读城市近现代风貌型消费空间的塑造:基于空间生产理论的分析视角.国际城市规划,2009,24(1):43~47.
[28] 刑忠,陈诚.河流水系与城市空间结构.城市发展研究,2007,1(14):27~32.
[29] 吴传清,孙智君,许军.点轴系统理论及其拓展与应用:一个文献综述.贵州财经学院学报,2007,(2):30~36.
[30] 阙维民.世界遗产视野中的京杭运河北端通惠河.地理研究,2009,28(2):549~560.
[31] 杨建军,徐国良.杭州运河沿河地带城市再开发规划研究.城市规划,2001,25(2):77~80.
[32] 黄奕龙,王仰麟,刘珍环,等.快速城市化地区水系结构变化特征:以深圳市为例.地理研究,2008,27(5):1212~1220.
