对自然文化遗产价值的正确认识是处理遗产地保护和利用关系的基础,也是解决遗产地"城市化、商业化、人工化"的前提。本文在梳理国内外对自然文化遗产价值的诸多认识的基础上,依据系统论观点,提出了中国自然文化遗产价值是由"本底价值、直接应用价值和间接衍生价值"构成的"价值体系"。该体系具有明显的层次性,其中本底价值是所有价值存在的基础,这决定了遗产资源必须在保护的前提下才能合理利用;该体系也有空间性,三种价值主要分别存在于遗产地范围以内、遗产地及相邻区域、遗产地范围以外的更大的区域。于是,对自然文化遗产的保护和利用要坚持三个基本原则:严格保护本底价值,确保遗产的真实性和完整性不受损害;适度利用直接应用价值,做到功能综合利用、产品综合开发、产业综合发展;大力发展间接衍生价值,充分发挥其空间结构关联效应和产业发展乘数效应,从而达到带动遗产地所在区域社会、经济发展的目的。

A better understanding of the natural and cultural heritage value is the basis for dealing with the relationship between protection and utilization of the world heritage,and it is also the precondition to solve the problem of"urbanization,commercialization,artificialization"of the heritage sites.Based on the system theory,after reviewing different views and interpretations of the natural and cultural heritage value,this paper proposes the value system of natural and cultural heritages in China,which can be divided into three parts:the background value,the direct applicable value and the indirect derivative value.This value system is multi-leveled with the background value being the foundation of the other values,so we should make use of the heritage with a reasonable manner at the precondition of protection.At the same time,these three values exist in different spatial areas,namely,the background value mainly exists within the range of heritage sites,the direct applicable value exists in the heritage sites and their adjacent regions,and the indirect derivative value exists mainly outside the range of heritage sites.Therefore,to protect and use the natural and cultural heritages,we should stick to three basic principles:firstly,protecting the background value strictly to ensure that the authenticity and integrity of heritage is not compromised;secondly,using the direct applicable value appropriately through"function comprehensive utilization,product comprehensive development and industrial comprehensive development";thirdly,giving full play to the indirect derivative value to stimulate the local social and economic development.