The rise of the petroleum industry in Gulf Coast Region has been one of the greatest economic geographic phenomena of the past decades in the United States.This paper relates mainly the following contents concerned with the phenomena.1) Gulf Coast Region is the core of the petroleum industry in the United States.2) Some regional favourable factors, such as oil and gas resources, facilities and economic geographic position, that influence the growth of the petroleum Industrial complex in gulf coast region are discussed.3) The technical and socioeconomic conditions concerned are discussed as well.4) Based on the discussion, the growth process of the complex is ana-lized in some detail, the leading departments being laid emphasis on.5) With the analysis,theoretical and practical significance of the leading departments in regional economic development and in the research on regional economic geography is emphasized.