The potentiality of agricultural production is the content of new and developing study in recent more than ten years.It is a fundamental duty in making a study of agricultural science,geography and other ecology.In this paper,were-clarify the concept of crop productivity,put forth that the productivity contains many levels and that each level represents different productivity and has different limiting factors,and give a defination to each level.Proceeding from the atmosphere-crop-soil systerm,we summarize the calculation method of the otentiality of agricultural production.In this paper we review the outline in the past study,sythesize systematically the success in recent study and look forward to the coming scene.