The relation between geographical environment and the development of economy and society is an important content of the reresearches of geography.Although"the declaration of human environment"published by the conference of U.N.human environment at Stockholm in1972 and "the declaration of environment and development"published by U.N.conference of environment and development at Rio de Janeiro in 1992 greatly strengthened the environmental consciousness,in China the understanding of the impact of the environment on the development of economy and society is still insufficient because the criticism to "the decisive role of the environment of physical geography on the development of society"in the middle of this century has not been introspected.And at present the insufficiency of the understanding of the role of the environment in the development of economy and society can be found in following aspects.In terms of theory, the opinions of researchers are very different, Some researchers expressed confused and self－contradictory opinions.In the practices of national economy, ignoring the role of the environment of physical geography is common.So the relation between the environment and the development of economy and society should be probed in terms of theory and in the practices of developing national economy and society.