Turpan Basin is a unique geographic region in China.The topography of the Basin is close and the climate is extremely dry.The shortage of water resources has been restricting the existence and development of the oasis in the Turpan Basin.In this paper we briefly analyze the characteristics of the basin's water resources, expound the processes of the utilization of water resources and regional development, point out that the exploretation of water resources is close to the limit and the utilization of water resources is unreasonable.So the pattern of traditional exploretation of the water resources is hopeless.According to the transforming pattern between runoff and groundwater in the basin, an overall planning of the utilization of the water resouces is advanced.Based on the relation between the maintenance of the Aidin Lake and the existence of the oasis,the amount of water resources used must be controlled in order to guarantee the existence of the Aidin Lake.The orientation of the utilization of water resources is to improve the management level of water resources, and to apply advanced water saving technology.Building up an economic system which can effectively uses water resources is the orientation of the oasis economic sustainable development.