Rare earth elements and its relation with the mineral fraction in a typical geographic landscape in the REE mining area in Ganxian, southern Jiangxi, were studied. The results showed that the REE content and the distribution are closely related to soil texture and mineral composition. REE are enriched in the 2~63 μm fractton, and the sequence of REE contents in different size fraction is: 20~63 μm≥2~20 μm>-2 μm>0.063~1 mm>+1 mm. Analysis of minerals suggested that quatze and feldspar can dilute REE, secondary minerals (e.g. Kolinite) can enrich REE, and heavy mineral is also one of the factors affecting REE distribution.