The spatial distribution of plague foci and plague affected areas in China are studied by GIS spatial analysis methods. The results show that there are two uncontinuous plague foci belts in South and North China. The total plague foci cover an area of about 126 km², but the plague-affected areas are doubled. Due to the impact of natural environment and human socio-economic activities, the ratio of the plague foci covered area to the plague affected areas is significantly higher in South China than in North China. Then using the historical data of plague and 10-year-interval data, the 150 years spread history of the plague epidemics in China is rebuilt.