Influencing factors of firewood consumption of rural household in restricted development zones: a case study of the Nujiang Prefecture in Yunnan Province
Received date: 2013-12-26
Request revised date: 2013-05-27
Online published: 2014-09-20
Copyright
The promotion of the development of major function oriented zones by 2020 is a major strategic plan in China and requires collaboration between the government and the public. The solicitation of public support for the development of major function oriented zones remains a great unmet need that has not been addressed by academics. This study used the Nujiang prefecture in Yunnan province as an example in performing empirical analyses of the influencing factors that affect firewood consumption based on 654 rural household questionnaires and a logistic regression model. Our results indicated positive correlations of rural household firewood consumption with household size, the existence of migrant workers in a rural household, location of an administrative village in a natural reserve, the location of an administrative village above an altitude of 2000 meters, and the distance from the administrative village to its county town. The probability of rural household firewood consumption increased by 24.20% with each additional person in a household, and the probability of firewood consumption was 67.18% greater in households with migrant workers than in those without migrant workers. The probability of rural household firewood consumption in nature reserves was 3.26-fold higher than that of rural households outside nature reserves. In addition, the probability of rural household firewood consumption was 64.70% greater in administrative villages 2000 meters above sea level than in those at altitudes less than 2000 meters. The probability of rural household firewood consumption increased by 6.12% with each increase of one kilometer in the distance between an administrative village to the nearest county town. Both of these two variables reflected the accessibility of energy sources other than firewood to rural households. Higher altitude and longer distance from the county town led to lower accessibility to alternative energy sources and an increased probability of firewood usage. Our data showed a negative correlation with cash expenses in the previous year, housing conditions, and cash subsidies. The probability of firewood consumption was reduced by 2.28% with each additional 1000 CNY in cash expenditures in the previous year, whereas the probability was reduced by 45.73% for each increase of level in the housing condition. Cash subsidies for rural households reduced the probability of firewood consumption by 38.39%. According to the quantitative research on the firewood consumption, the article discovered various factors which had positive or negative effects on Nujiang prefecture, these are useful enlightenments on Restricted Development Zones from reducing the firewood consumption, curbing the ecological damages and forest degradation caused by excessive firewood consumption. The article puts forward some practical policy recommendations from environmental protection, finance, population, investment and industrial policy, and hope to improve energy consumption structure and consuming behavior and alleviate antinomies between household energy consumption and ecological protection, and advance the strategy implementations in this region.
SUN Wei , HU Wangshu , YAN Mei , LV Chen . Influencing factors of firewood consumption of rural household in restricted development zones: a case study of the Nujiang Prefecture in Yunnan Province[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014 , 33(9) : 1694 -1705 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201409010
Fig.1 The location of the study area图1 案例区区位 |
Tab. 1 Issuance and recovery of the questionnaire表1 问卷发放和回收情况 |
| 泸水县 | 兰坪县 | 福贡县 | 贡山县 | 合计 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 发放问卷数 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 1000 |
| 回收有效问卷数 | 146 | 138 | 170 | 200 | 654 |
| 有效问卷回收率 | 58.4% | 55.2% | 68.0% | 80.0% | 65.4% |
| 有效问卷覆盖乡镇数 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 29 |
Fig. 2 The research framework of influencing factors of firewood consumption of rural household图2 农户薪柴消费的影响因素分析框架 |
Tab. 2 Utilization rate of different types of energy sources in Nujiang Prefecture表2 各类能源在怒江州的普及率 |
| 能源类型 | 泸水县 | 福贡县 | 贡山县 | 兰坪县 | 怒江州 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 电力 | 99.32% | 98.24% | 85.50% | 94.93% | 93.88% |
| 薪柴 | 77.40% | 87.65% | 90.50% | 81.88% | 85.02% |
| 沼气 | 12.33% | 4.71% | 5.00% | 10.14% | 7.65% |
| 煤炭 | 4.79% | 1.18% | 6.50% | 10.87% | 5.66% |
| 可再生能源(太阳能、水能、风能等) | 2.05% | 1.18% | 0.50% | 0 | 0.92% |
注:能源普及率=使用某种能源的农户数/调查农户总数. |
Tab. 3 Rural household firewood usage time and proportion表3 使用薪柴农户的使用时间 |
| 泸水县 | 福贡县 | 贡山县 | 兰坪县 | 怒江州 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 全年12个月使用薪柴的农户比例 | 70.80% | 75.17% | 74.59% | 70.80% | 73.20% |
| 全年使用薪柴超过6个月的农户比例 | 88.50% | 85.23% | 91.71% | 86.73% | 88.31% |
| 平均每年使用薪柴的时间(月) | 10.88 | 11.13 | 11.45 | 11.30 | 11.22 |
Tab. 4 Regression results of factors influencing rural household firewood consumption表4 农户薪柴消费的影响因素回归结果 |
| 变量 | B | S. E. | Exp(B) |
|---|---|---|---|
| x1 | 0.251** | 0.127 | 1.285 |
| x4 | 0.514* | 0.273 | 1.672 |
| x7 | -0.306** | 0.106 | 0.736 |
| X9 | -0.429*** | 0.135 | 0.651 |
| x11 | 0.799*** | 0.186 | 2.222 |
| x13 | -0.484** | 0.244 | 0.616 |
| x14 | 1.180** | 0.601 | 3.255 |
| x15 | 0.499* | 0.277 | 1.647 |
注: ***、**、*分别代表1%、5%、10%显著性水平。 |
Fig. 3 Distances from administrative villages to the nearest county town (left) and to the nearest town (right).图3 行政村距最近县城的距离(左)和距最近乡镇的距离(右) |
Tab. 6 Social and economic conditions of villages and towns situated in Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve表5 高黎贡山自然保护区内各乡镇社会经济基本情况(2010年) |
| 县名 | 乡(镇) | 行政村 数 量 | 自然村 数 量 | 农业 人口 | 人均粮食量 (kg/人) | 人均纯收入 (元/年) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 贡山 | 独龙江 | 6 | 40 | 3697 | 214 | 533 |
| 丙中洛 | 4 | 45 | 5711 | 532 | 807 | |
| 茨 开 | 6 | 59 | 7368 | 287 | 856 | |
| 捧 打 | 4 | 38 | 5527 | 439 | 778 | |
| 福贡 | 架科底 | 6 | 40 | 4270 | 379 | 722 |
| 子里甲 | 5 | 61 | 1763 | 369 | 695 | |
| 匹 河 | 9 | 105 | 3370 | 383 | 699 | |
| 合计 | 40 | 283 | 31706 | -- | -- | |
资料来源: 根据怒江州2011年统计年鉴计算而得. |
Fig. 4 Relationship between the major function oriented zones and rural household firewood consumption图4 主体功能区建设与农户薪柴消费的关系 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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