The new model of the spatial structure of rural settlements—RROD
Received date: 2014-01-03
Request revised date: 2014-06-20
Online published: 2014-09-20
Supported by
Foundation item: National Social Science Foundation of China, No.07BJL033 ; the key discipline construction project of Hunan province (Geography), No.2011001
Copyright
Inspired by the TOD important role in the theory and practice of urban spatial structure optimization process, learning from rural settlements unit size and spatial structure research, this article try to build a new spatial structure of rural settlement patterns—Rural Road-Oriented Development, and systematically analyze on the concept of meaning, construction principles, frameworks, type, spatial scales, etc. Simultaneously, this article demonstrate the reasonable size and structure RROD unit focus from the facility threshold, farming radius, neighborhood association and the travel distance perception. This article considers the general radius of the unit range from 450m to 700m, population size range from 1500m to 3500m people, covering general range from 30 hm2 to 75 hm2, distance general range from 3.5km to 5.0km. However, due to the geographical ranges based on homogeneous and general development conditions assumptions, this conclusion has a general theoretical guidance. So, in practice, the ranges should be properly adjusted and modified according to the actual situation.
Key words: rural settlement; RROD; spatial scales; spatial structure; TOD theory
HE Yanhua , TANG Chengli , ZHOU Guohua , ZENG Shanshan , LI li , ZHONG ting . The new model of the spatial structure of rural settlements—RROD[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014 , 33(9) : 1716 -1727 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201409012
Fig. 1 The objective principles of the RROD图1 RROD构建的目标原则 |
Fig. 2 The basic structure diagram of the RROD图2 RROD的基本结构示意图 |
Fig. 3 The basic structure diagram of RROD system distribution图3 RROD体系分布基本结构示意图 |
Fig. 4 The schematic diagram of the RROD system space form图4 RROD体系空间形态结构示意图 |
Tab. 1 The comparison of internal unit structure with each RROD functional type表1 各功能类型RROD内部结构特征比较 |
| 单元类型 | 功能构成 | 用地结构 | 空间组织 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 传统农业型 | 居住功能组团+综合功能组团 | 居住用地与农业生产用地比重相对较大 | 居住功能组团规模一般,约5-6个,有机分布于农地之间 |
| 现代农业型 | 居住功能组团+综合功能组团 | 农业生产服务用地比重相对较大 | 居住功能组团规模相对较大,约3-4个,农业生产基地化 |
| 工农混合型 | 居住功能组团+工业生产组团+综合功能组团 | 居住用地比重略小,工业生产用地比重增加 | 工业生产组团约1-2个,与居住组团分离 |
| 乡村旅游型 | 居住功能组团+休闲观光功能组团+综合功能组团(含居住、旅游服务、公共服务等功能) | 公共服务、商业用地比重相对较大,部分农业用地转化或兼顾休闲观光功能 | 1-2个居住功能组团相对独立布置,3-4个休闲观光与综合功能组团通过人性化游线串联 |
| 综合服务型 | 居住功能组团+综合功能组团+其他特殊功能组团 | 商业及其他特色产业用地比重较大,农业用地比重较小 | 各类型组团分布较为集中,功能混合特征明显,农业用地分布于外围区域 |
Fig. 5 The schematic diagram of the RROD spatial scales of impact factors图5 RROD空间尺度影响因素分析图 |
Fig. 6 The RROD spatial analysis under reasonable radius farming图6 合理耕作半径下的RROD空间尺度分析 |
Tab. 2 The travel speed of different transportation表2 不同交通方式出行速度 |
| 交通方式 | 步行 | 自行车 | 公交车 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 速度范围( km/h) | 4-5 | 8-15 | 10-25 |
| 速度取值( km/h) | 5 | 10 | 20 |
资料来源:陆化普.交通规划原理与方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2007:53 |
Tab. 3 Values of the RROD spatial scale parameter表3 RROD空间尺度参数取值范围 |
| 影响因子 | 空间尺度参数取值 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RROD规模 | RROD距离(km) | ||||
| 规模半径(m) | 人口规模(个) | 占地面积(hm2) | |||
| 邻里交往 | 350-620 | 1000-3000 | 20-60 | --------- | |
| 距离感知 | 400-800 | 1250-5000 | 25-100 | ≤5.0 | |
| 耕作半径 | --------- | --------- | --------- | 2R+2.5—2R+7.5 | |
| 设施门槛 | 小学 | 420-1000 | 1400-7500 | 28-150 | --------- |
| 医疗所 | 450-800 | 1600-5000 | 32-100 | --------- | |
| 综合商店 | 400-800 | 1315-5000 | 25-100 | --------- | |
| 综合取值 | 450-620 | 1600-3000 | 32-60 | 3.4-5.0 | |
| 最终合理取值范围 | 450-700 | 1500-3500 | 30-75 | 3.5-5.0 | |
Tab. 4 The scale of different RROD unit表4 各级RROD规模取值范围 |
| 规模半径(m) | 占地规模(hm2) | 人口规模(个) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 中心RROD | 600-700 | 60-75 | 3000-3500 |
| 一般RROD | 500-599 | 40-59 | 2000-2999 |
| 基层RROD | 450-499 | 30-39 | 1500-1999 |
Tab. 5 The correction factor base on RROD scale parameter space of different landforms area表5 不同地貌类型区RROD空间尺度参数修正系数 |
| 参数 | 平原地区 | 丘陵地区 | 山区 |
|---|---|---|---|
| RROD规模尺度 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.50 |
| RROD距离尺度 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 1.33 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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