Evolution of manufacturing industries’ spatial pattern and influence factors in Yangtze River Delta region
Received date: 2014-05-08
Request revised date: 2014-10-25
Online published: 2014-12-10
Copyright
The paper figures out driving forces of the spatial pattern transformation of manufacturing industries since 2000 and the influencing factors in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) using firm level data and spatial econometric method. The result shows that, the spatial pattern displays the typical Shanghai-centered and main transport axis orientation pattern. Since 2000, the manufacturing industries have been apparently diffused to peripheral areas and have displayed significant industrial differences, in that more technology-intensive industries tend to diffuse to nearer neighborhood and more labor-intensive industries tend to diffuse to longer distance. The spatial econometrical result shows that, the distribution of manufacturing industries has significant spatial spillover effect. After controlling such spillovers, we found the most influencing factors are location factors, including the distance to Shanghai and airport, and whether it belongs to urban regions, while the former two factors’influences have been intensified. The paper also reports that there are significant differences of influencing factors among different industries.
Wang Junsong . Evolution of manufacturing industries’ spatial pattern and influence factors in Yangtze River Delta region[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2014 , 33(12) : 2312 -2324 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201412009
,xi是产业在区位i 的就业人数或产值;wij反映两个区域的空间关系,如果两者相邻,取值为1,如果不相邻取值为0。当Moran's I 显著为正时表明产业集中分布在相邻的区域,产业随机而独立地分布时,Moran's I 接近0,产业在空间上比较分散时,Moran's I为负值。Fig. 1 Moran’s I of Yangtze River Delta region图 1 长江三角洲Moran’s I计算结果 |
Fig. 2 K density map of YRD region in 2000 and 2009图 2 2000年和2009 年长三角企业分布K密度 |
Fig. 3 Labor density and distance to Shanghai in YRD in 2000,2007 and 2009 (Whole industries)图3 2000年、2007 年和2009 年长三角其他地区到上海的距离与制造业就业密度变化 |
为i地区的就业密度; ri为i地区到上海市辖区中心的半径;a为常数;b为密度斜率系数。2000 年拟合的结果为: D=253.82e-0.772r ,R2=0.21;2007 年拟合的结果为:D=510.32e-0.783r,R2=0.21;2009年拟合的结果为:D=582.79e-0.795r ,R2=0.24。明显显示出以上海为中心的单中心结构;且2000 年、2007 年、2009 年的密度斜率系数绝对值依次升高,表明尽管这一地区的制造业出现从上海向扩散的趋势,但上海作为区域中心城市的地位却趋于增强,上海市区的中心性有所提高,距离上海市区越近,制造业就业密度增加越显著。Fig. 4 Labor density and distance to Shanghai in YRD in 2000, 2007 and 2009 (Manufacture of TextileWearing Apparel, Footware and Caps)图4 2000年、2007 年和2009 年长三角城市到上海的距离与纺织服装、鞋、帽制造业就业密度变化 |
Fig. 5 Labor density and distance to Shanghai in YRD in 2000, 2007 and 2009 (Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous Metals)图5 2000 年、2007 年和2009 年长三角城市到上海的距离与黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业就业密度变化 |
Fig. 6 Labor density and distance to Shanghai in YRD in 2000, 2007 and 2009 (Manufacture of communication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment)图6 2000 年、2007年和2009 年长三角城市到上海的距离与通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业就业密度变化 |
式中: Pk表示企业所在地级市以外的所有地级市; Pj表示企业所在的地级市; djk表示j城市到k城市的最短距离; Sj表示j城市的面积。)(MARKET)、到机场的距离(AIRPORT)、是否沿江沿海(COAST) 衡量区位条件,预期市场潜力越大、到机场距离越近,沿江沿海的区位更有利于吸引企业的集聚。另外,选择是否是市辖区(URBAN) 作为虚拟变量②(② 2000年以后,一些城市撤县设区,但本文仍沿用2000年的市辖区标准,后来扩大的辖区仍然按非市辖区考虑。),通常,市辖区的就业密度明显高于周边地区。Tab. 1 Variables and definitions表 1 变量名称及定义 |
| 因素 | 解释变量 | 定义与解释 |
|---|---|---|
| 区位通达性 | DIST | 到上海市中心的距离 |
| MARKET | 市场潜力 | |
| AIRPORT | 到机场的距离 | |
| COAST | 是否沿江沿海 | |
| URBAN | 是否属于市辖区 | |
| 要素禀赋 | LAND | 土地成交均价 |
| 政策因素 | ZONE | 国家级产业园区数量 |
Tab. 2 Regression result of influence factors of manufacturing industries agglomeration in YRD表 2 长三角制造业集聚影响因素回归结果 |
| 2000年 | 2009年 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 变量名 | OLS | SLM | SRM | OLS | SLM | SRM |
| lnDIST | -0.614*** | -0.631*** | -0.594*** | -0.641*** | -0.657*** | -0.630*** |
| (0.001) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.001) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
| MARKET | 3.775*** | 3.546*** | 3.539*** | 2.033* | 1.878* | 1.935* |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.069) | (0.067) | (0.065) | |
| lnAIRPORT | -0.463** | -0.411*** | -0.357** | -0.439** | -0.427*** | -0.407** |
| (0.014) | (0.008) | (0.022) | (0.015) | (0.009) | (0.015) | |
| COAST | 0.435* | 0.528*** | 0.502*** | 0.283 | 0.385* | 0.302 |
| (0.029) | (0.004) | (0.000) | (0.177) | (0.051) | (0.124) | |
| URBAN | 1.275*** | 1.222*** | 1.237*** | 1.043*** | 0.953*** | 0.983*** |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.001) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
| LAND | 0.150** | 0.145*** | 0.141*** | 0.106** | 0.101** | 0.097** |
| (0.001) | (0.000) | (0.002) | (0.035) | (0.027) | (0.040) | |
| ZONE | 0.010 | 0.081 | 0.069 | 0.032 | 0.113 | 0.072 |
| (0.957) | (0.644) | (0.682) | (0.872) | (0.542) | (0.693) | |
| Constant | -29.847*** | -28.388*** | -27.987*** | -12.576 | -11.869 | -11.797 |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.002) | (0.224) | (0.214) | (0.227) | |
| ρ | 0.138** | 0.136** | ||||
| (0.027) | (0.024) | |||||
| λ | 0.229* | 0.134 | ||||
| (0.056) | (0.285) | |||||
| R-squared | 0.587 | 0.611 | 0.606 | 0.489 | 0.519 | 0.497 |
| Akaike info criterion | 256.872 | 253.874 | 253.967 | 267.504 | 264.331 | 266.473 |
| Log likelihood | -120.436 | -117.937 | -118.983 | -125.752 | -123.165 | -125.236 |
| 观测值 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 |
注:*、**、***分别代表在10%、5%、1%的水平上显著 |
Tab. 3 Regression result of influence factors in different sectors of manufacturing agglomeration in YRD (2009)表 3 长三角制造业集聚影响因素分行业回归结果(2009年) |
| 变量名 | 资源密集型 | 劳动密集型 | 资本密集型 | 技术密集型 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLM | SRM | SLM | SRM | SLM | SRM | SLM | SRM | |
| lnDIST | -0.046 | 0.045 | -0.655*** | -0.628*** | -0.653*** | -0.632*** | -0.605*** | -0.586*** |
| (0.712) | (0.717) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.003) | (0.005) | |
| MARKET | 1.561** | 1.563** | 1.047 | 1.142 | 3.354*** | 3.473*** | 1.950* | 2.085* |
| (0.029) | (0.029) | (0.300) | (0.270) | (0.001) | (0.000) | (0.097) | (0.080) | |
| lnAIRPORT | 0.157 | 0.142 | -0.656*** | -0.369** | -0.419*** | -0.412** | -0.463** | -0.465** |
| (0.168) | (0.212) | (0.000) | (0.025) | (0.010) | (0.014) | (0.013) | (0.014) | |
| COAST | 0.043 | 0.263 | 1.191 | 0.115 | 0.278 | 0.208 | 0.523** | 0.479** |
| (0.749) | (0.845) | (0.325) | (0.553) | (0.158) | (0.293) | (0.017) | (0.032) | |
| URBAN | 0.772*** | 0.778*** | 0.775*** | 0.801*** | 0.820*** | 0.853*** | 1.045*** | 1.083*** |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (0.001) | (0.000) | |
| LAND | -0.014 | -0.016 | 0.050 | 0.046 | 0.103** | 0.104** | 0.152*** | 0.155*** |
| (0.646) | (0.611) | (0.263) | (0.321) | (0.025) | (0.028) | (0.003) | (0.003) | |
| ZONE | 0.043 | 0.036 | 0.261 | 0.219 | 0.058 | 0.014 | -0.035 | -0.076 |
| (0.734) | (0.776) | (0.152) | (0.226) | (0.753) | (0.938) | (0.867) | (0.719) | |
| Constant | -14.957 | -14.882** | -5.223 | 5.477 | -26.930*** | -27.521*** | -13.354 | -14.177 |
| (0.304) | (0.025) | (0.578) | (0.569) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.222) | (0.201) | |
| ρ | 0.071 | 0.164** | 0.158** | 0.107* | ||||
| (0.539) | (0.021) | (0.033) | (0.054) | |||||
| λ | 0.013 | 0.140 | 0.100 | 0.039 | ||||
| (0.918) | (0.261) | (0.429) | (0.760) | |||||
| R-squared | 0.242 | 0.238 | 0.458 | 0.431 | 0.495 | 0.471 | 0.497 | 0.484 |
| Akaike info criterion | 195.941 | 194.288 | 261.538 | 263.910 | 265.151 | 267.105 | 289.699 | 289.73 |
| Log likelihood | -88.976 | -89.144 | -121.769 | -123.954 | -123.576 | -125.552 | -135.849 | -136.865 |
| 观测值 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 |
注:*、**、***分别代表在10%、5%、1%的水平上显著 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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