Spatial-temporal differentiation of urban-rural income in Central Plains Region at different scales
Received date: 2014-05-04
Request revised date: 2014-10-08
Online published: 2015-01-10
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Coordinating the urban and rural development and promoting the construction of new socialist countryside are two important strategies for Chinese modernization. In this study, urban-rural income indexes such as urban per capita income, rural per capita income and urban-rural income ratio, to a certain degree, can be used to measure the gap of urban-rural residents’ living quality and their coordinated development. This paper aims to investigate the spatial-temporal differentiation of urban-rural income in the Central Plains Region (CPR) at multiple spatial scales. Based on the three urban-rural income indicators, we use CV, Theil Index, Moran's I and scale variance to examine the changing trends and spatial patterns of urban-rural development in CPR from 2000 to 2012 at regional, city and county levels. The results are summarized as follows. (1) From the calculation results of CV, Theil index and Moran's I, we find that the regional difference of urban per capita income is gradually decreasing at the three spatial scales, while that of rural per capita income is gradually increasing since 2000. The indicator of urban-rural income ratio is gradually declining at regional and city levels, but increasing at county level; and the overall trend is similar to the change of rural per capita income. (2) The results of the scale variance show different patterns obviously. The variance of the urban per capita income is decreased from county level to city and regional levels; however, that of rural per capita income and urban-rural ratio is decreased from county level to regional and city levels. (3) The statistical results of Moran's I indicate positive local spatial autocorrelation patterns of urban-rural income, and tend to be stable since 2000. The maps of local Moran's I show the significant clusters: LL for both of urban and rural per capita income, and HH for urban-rural income ratio. (4) The spatial classification of the three indexes of the urban-rural income in ArcGIS 10.0 show very different results. The city level indexes demonstrate a clear clustering pattern, while the spatial structure of county level indexes is much complex, which is mainly dominated by irregular circles with different sizes. Our research illustrates that the spatial-temporal analysis of the urban-rural income is practical to measure the spatial patterns and growth trends at multiple scales, and thus it provides in-depth information for urban-rural development. The research results also provide theoretical basis for the urban-rural development strategy in CPR and other regions.
DING Zhiwei , ZHANG Gaisu , WANG Fazeng . Spatial-temporal differentiation of urban-rural income in Central Plains Region at different scales[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015 , 34(1) : 131 -148 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201501012
Tab. 1 Mean square estimates and scale variance components表1 平均尺度方差估计和尺度方差构成 |
| 尺度 | 自由度 | 平均方差估计 | 尺度方差组成 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 分区α | I-1 | SSa/(I-1) | |
| 市级β | (Ji-1) | ||
| 县级γ |
Fig. 1 Theil Index and Cv at regional level, 2000-2012图1 2000-2012年中原地区分区泰尔指数和Cv |
Fig. 2 Theil Index, Cv and Moran's I at city level, 2000-2012图2 2000-2012年中原地区市级尺度的泰尔指数、Cv和Moran's I |
Fig. 3 Theil Index, Cv and Moran's I at county level, 2000-2012图3 2000-2012年中原地区县级泰尔指数、Cv和Moran's I |
Fig. 4 Scale variances at three levels of urban per capita income图4 城镇人均收入不同尺度水平的尺度方差 |
Fig. 5 Scale variances at three levels of rural per capita income图5 乡村人均收入不同尺度的尺度方差 |
Fig. 6 Scale variances at three levels of urban-rural income ratio图6 城乡收入差距不同尺度的尺度方差 |
Fig. 7 Scale-variances component at three spatial scales of urban per capita income图7 2000-2012不同尺度水平的城镇收入的方差分解 |
Fig. 8 Scale-variances component at three spatial scales of rural per capita income图8 不同尺度水平的乡村收入方差分解 |
Fig. 9 Scale-variances component at three spatial scales of urban-rural income ratio图9 不同尺度水平的城乡收入差距的尺度分解 |
Fig. 10 LISA cluster map for urban-rural income at city level in CPR图10 中原地区市域城乡收入空间关联类型分布 |
Fig. 11 Spatial pattern for urban-rural income at city level in CPR图11 中原地区市域城乡收入空间类型分布 |
Fig. 12 LISA cluster map for urban-rural income at county level in CPR图12 中原地区县域城乡收入空间关联类型分布 |
Fig. 13 Spatial pattern urban-rural income ratio at county level in CPR图13 中原地区县域城乡收入空间类型分布 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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