Spatial relocation of pollution-intensive industry and the mechanism in Yangtze River Delta
Received date: 2014-08-20
Request revised date: 2014-12-10
Online published: 2015-03-10
Copyright
The world is moving further toward economic globalization and trade liberalization. Industrial relocation is an important way to upgrading the industrial structure and promoting regional coordinated development, which usually assumes relocating industrial production from prosperous zones to less developed zones. Against the background, it has become a hotspot in the research of regional sustainable development in the places where the pollution-intensive industry is relocated and what causes the pollution.Based on the panel data of the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2010 and using spatial analysis tool of ArcGIS, this paper explores the characteristics and regularities of spatial-temporal pattern of pollution-intensive industry, and comes to a quantitative conclusion on the driving mechanism of pollution-intensive industry's relocation by constructing a metrological model. Results suggest: (1) In the last 10 years, the phenomenon of pollution-intensive industry's relocation is found in the Yangtze River Delta. The direction of its relocation coincides with Shanghai-Nanjing railway and Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo railway. Moreover, the general trend is from the center to the periphery, which is an accelerated diffusion trend. Generally, the speed of diffusion is faster in the latter 5 years than in the former 5 years, but it has been a little slower since 2008; (2) There are many factors contributing to the relocation of pollution-intensive industry in the Yangtze River Delta, among which export-oriented degree and labor costs help pollution-intensive industry to relocate, while the intensity of environmental governance, industrial structure and innovation capability prevent pollution-intensive industry from relocating to destination. What’s more, economic development level is negatively related to the relocation. Given that, it is concluded that the economic development of the Yangtze River Delta is independent to pollution-intensive industry, which contributes less to the growth of GDP nowadays than 10 years ago. However, the Yangtze River Delta has not got rid of the position of "Pollution haven", because the location of pollution-intensive industry has not changed fundamentally, and Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou remain to be on centre stage of pollution-intensive industry in the Yangtze River Delta, as well the export-oriented degree is particularly noticeable in this region. To some extent, this is related to the recent economic downturn after the financial crisis in 2008. Hence, it is an arduous task and long way to upgrade the overall industrial structure, in order to maintain the sustained regional development. Furthermore, the need for more serious environmental supervision is urgent, so government should pay more attention to the coordination between industrial development and environmental protection.
CUI Jianxin , ZHAO Haixia . Spatial relocation of pollution-intensive industry and the mechanism in Yangtze River Delta[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015 , 34(3) : 504 -512 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201503009
Tab. 1 Definition of indicators表1 指标说明 |
| 因素名称 | 指标选取 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 污染密集型产业发展 | 污染密集型产业产值 | 产值能够体现产业增长状况,因产业转移不好体现,借用产值体现污染密集型产业增长状况,进而分析其增长的驱动机理,从中挖掘产业转移的贡献部分。 |
| 经济发展阶段 | 人均GDP | 经济发展阶段对污染密集型产业转移产生基础性作用,低水平发展阶段可能促进污染密集型产业增长,高水平发展阶段可能抑制其增长,进而对其转移产生重要影响。 |
| 产业结构 | 重化工行业产值比重 | 产业结构调整对于污染密集型产业必然产生重要影响,运用重化工行业产值比重更能从环境角度体现产业结构清洁化水平。 |
| 外向度 | 出口总额 | “国际污染避难所”理论解释了外向度对污染密集型产业发展的重要影响,出口总额与外商直接投资均能有效代表地区外向水平,长江三角洲地区是否摆脱了污染避难所的地位是污染密集型产业转移研究中的重要问题。 |
| 创新能力 | 研究与实验发展经费支出 | 地区创新能力代表了技术水平,科技在产业发展中产生重要推动作用,科技发展一方面促进成本降低,进而推动产业发展;另一方面高技术产业发展必然对污染密集型产业产生抑制作用,因此科技对污染密集型产业的影响值得探讨。 |
| 环境治理力度 | 环保投资额 | 政府调控是产业转移的重要动因,环境治理力度是政府针对污染密集型产业调控的重要方面。 |
| 要素成本 | 在岗职工平均工资 | 从生产要素的角度分析污染密集型产业,需要考虑要素成本因素,包括劳动力价格和土地价格。 |
Tab. 2 Possible factors driving the relocation of pollution-intensive industry and their effecting direction表2 影响污染密集型产业转移的可能因素及其作用方向 |
| 影响因素 | 经济发展阶段 | 产业结构 | 外向度 | 创新能力 | 环境治理力度 | 要素成本 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对污染密集型产业迁入的作用方向 | +/- | +/- | + | +/- | - | + |
Fig. 1 Scale and speed of the development of pollution-intensive industry图1 2000-2009年污染密集型产业发展规模及速度 |
Fig. 2 Pollution-intensive industry's contribution to industry of cities图2 各市污染密集型产业对工业贡献率 |
Fig. 3 Gini coefficient of pollution-intensive industry in 2000-2010图3 2000-2010年污染密集型产业基尼系数 |
Fig. 4 Changes of spatial pattern of pollution-intensive industry 2000-2010图4 污染密集型产业空间格局演变 |
Tab. 3 Outcomes of model fitting表3 模型拟合结果 |
| 因素 | 非标准化系数 | 标准化系数 | t检验值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Constant) | 0.536 | 27.573 | 0.018 | |
| X1 | -5.375 | -0.395 | -40.220 | 0.004 |
| X2 | 163.745 | 0.066 | -18.761 | 0.034 |
| X3 | 0.245 | 0.832 | 65.382 | 0.000 |
| X4 | -8.184 | -0.204 | -37.594 | 0.012 |
| X5 | -34.291 | -0.486 | -53.271 | 0.000 |
| X6 | 12.667 | 0.400 | 71.572 | 0.000 |
Fig. 5 Per capita GDP and the growth rate of pollution-intensive industry of cites in 2010图5 2010年各市人均GDP与污染密集型产业产值增长率对比 |
Fig. 6 The growth rate of export value and output value of pollution-intensive industry of cities in 2005-2010图6 2005-2010年各市出口总额与污染密集型产业产值年均增长状况 |
Fig. 7 Average wage of employed staff and output value of pollution-intensitive industry of cities in 2005 and 2010图7 2005年和2010年各市在岗职工平均工资与污染密集型产业产值对比 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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