Commuting carbon emission characteristics of community residents of three spheres: A case study of three communities in Guangzhou city
Received date: 2014-09-02
Request revised date: 2014-12-24
Online published: 2015-04-10
Copyright
In recent years, as low-carbon city gradually has become a significant research field on studies on global climate change, the scholars at home and abroad have launched a series of research from various angles. However, there is little research discussing about urban commuting carbon emission characteristics and the influencing factors of carbon emissions at disaggregated level. The data used in this study came from a 2011-2012 survey of 291 residents from households in three typical communities from different parts of Guangzhou. The variables used in this study consist of four categories: demographics, auto ownership and use, built environment characteristics, and attitudes. In the survey, respondents were asked to report the number of automobiles in their households and their travel behavior. The survey also contained a list of demographic characteristics, including household size, household income, gender, age, education underground, having a driver's license, and occupation. Consistent with previous studies, we develop a coefficient method for calculating the amount of commuting carbon emissions. In this study, we adopt categorization and Lorenz curve to analyze the differentiation of commuting carbon emissions characteristics between different individuals, inner-community and trans-community. Specifically, we developed a multiple regression analysis method to analyze the impact of selected 16 variables on commuting carbon emissions. The results of commuting carbon emission characteristics analyses show that commuting carbon emission of residents in urban districts is lower than that of their counterparts in county-level cities. Dufu, Nanyayuan and Lijiang Garden communities are consistent with the rule of "60-20" proposed from the UK experience. Multiple regression analysis suggests that commuting distance, travel modes of residents, commuting frequency, income and population density of the sub-district have significant effects on CO2 emissions. Finally, on the basis of the above findings, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions for reducing commuting carbon emissions.
Key words: CO2 emissions; commute; multiple regression model; community; Guangzhou city
HUANG Xiaoyan , LIU Xiaqiong , CAO Xiaoshu . Commuting carbon emission characteristics of community residents of three spheres: A case study of three communities in Guangzhou city[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015 , 34(4) : 751 -761 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201504013
Fig. 1 Sketch of the study area图1 研究区概况 |
Tab. 1 Basic information of the communities表1 调查社区基本情况 |
| 社区名称 | 城区/街道 | 区位特点 | 建立时间 | 常住人口(人) | 特点 | 问卷样本数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 都府小区 | 越秀区广卫街道 | 中心区 | 1993年 | 6059 | 以省政府、财政厅宿舍为主 | 76 |
| 南雅苑小区 | 天河区天河南街道 | 新城区 | 1989年 | 5278 | 天河建设区较早投入使用的普通住宅区 | 80 |
| 丽江花园 | 番禺区洛浦街道 | 边缘区 | 1992年 | 9928 | 以吸引中高收入人群为市场目标 | 135 |
Tab. 2 CO2 emission intensity by transport modes表2 不同交通方式的碳排放系数 |
| 交通方式 | 碳排放系数(g/人·km) | 碳排放强度 |
|---|---|---|
| 私人小汽车 | 135.00 | 高 |
| 单位用车 | 21.50 | 中 |
| 公交车 | 16.90 | 中 |
| 电动自行车 | 10.00 | 低 |
| 地铁 | 9.10 | 低 |
| 自行车 | 0.00 | 零 |
| 步行 | 0.00 | 零 |
Fig. 2 Commuting carbon emission curve of residents图2 社区居民通勤碳排放曲线 |
Tab. 3 Commuting carbon emission of residents (g/person a week)表3 社区居民通勤碳排放情况(g/人·周) |
| 社区名称 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 上四分位数 | 中位数 | 下四分位数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 都府小区 | 1699.49 | 2691.43 | 0.00 | 675.00 | 2126.25 |
| 南雅苑小区 | 1933.38 | 2398.54 | 83.57 | 658.60 | 3172.50 |
| 丽江花园 | 3545.77 | 5733.95 | 100.00 | 1755.00 | 3375.00 |
| 样本总体 | 2620.31 | 4402.69 | 66.00 | 1200.00 | 3240.00 |
Fig. 3 Distribution and grade of CO2 emission of residents图3 社区居民通勤碳排放分级分布 |
Fig. 4 Lorenz curve of residents’commuting carbon emissions图4 社区居民通勤碳排放的洛伦兹曲线 |
Fig. 5 Average commuting carbon emissions by personal attributes图5 不同个人属性居民的通勤碳排放平均值对比 |
Fig. 6 Average commuting carbon emissions by household attributes图6 不同家庭属性居民的通勤碳排放平均值对比 |
Fig. 7 Average commuting carbon emissions by commute attributes图7 不同通勤属性居民的通勤碳排放平均值对比 |
Tab. 4 Group and explanation of independent variables表4 解释变量的分组和说明 |
| 变量 分类 | 变量 | 解释变量 | 变量说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 个人属性 | X1 | 性别 | 1. 男;2. 女 |
| X2 | 年龄 | ||
| X3 | 文化程度 | 1. 文盲或半文盲;2. 小学;3. 初中;4. 高中;5. 大专、本科;6. 研究生以上 | |
| X4 | 职业 | 1. 国家机关、党群组织、企事业单位管理人员;2. 专业技术与文教科技人员;3. 事务人员;4. 私营业主;5. 商业、服务业人员 | |
| X5 | 工作月收入 | 1. 3000元以下;2. 3000~3999元;3. 4000~5999元;4. 6000~7999元;5. 8000~9999元;6. 1万~1.5万元;7. 1.6万~2万元;8. 2万元以上 | |
| 家庭属性 | X6 | 通勤人口 | 家庭中有通勤需求的人数 |
| X7 | 家庭构成 | 1. 单身户;2. 一对夫妇;3. 单亲家庭带小孩;4. 一对夫妇一个小孩;5. 一对夫妇两个小孩;6. 一对夫妇多个小孩;7. 三代人家庭;8. 其他 | |
| X8 | 家庭人均月收入 | 同个人属性中的“工作月收入” | |
| X9 | 私人小汽车数量 | ||
| 通勤属性 | X10 | 通勤往返次数 | |
| X11 | 每周通勤天数 | ||
| X12 | 出行交通方式 | 1. 步行;2. 公交车;3. 地铁;4. 自行车;5. 私人小汽车;6. 出租车;7. 单位用车;8. 电动自行车 | |
| X13 | 通勤距离 | 居住地距工作地的距离 | |
| 社区属性 | X14 | 社区位置 | 1. 中心区;2. 新城区;3. 边缘区 |
| X15 | 距市中心距离 | 距广州市政府的距离 | |
| X16 | 人口密度 | 六普数据,所在街道的人口密度 |
Tab. 5 Outcomes of the regression for variables表5 模型的回归系数 |
| 相关系数R | 决定系数R2 | 增加量(ΔR2) | F值 | 净F值(ΔR2) | B | Beta(β) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 截距 | 2608.804 | ||||||
| 通勤距离 | 0.539 | 0.291 | 0.291 | 117.754 | 117.754 | 2701.662 | 0.614 |
| 出行交通方式 | 0.666 | 0.443 | 0.152 | 113.834 | 78.227 | 1561.122 | 0.354 |
| 通勤往返次数 | 0.686 | 0.470 | 0.027 | 84.282 | 14.462 | 732.229 | 0.166 |
| 工作月收入 | 0.703 | 0.494 | 0.024 | 69.450 | 13.692 | 919.484 | 0.209 |
| 人口密度 | 0.717 | 0.515 | 0.020 | 60.054 | 11.854 | 726.695 | 0.165 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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