Spatial distribution optimization of rural residential land in hilly areas:A case study of Haitang town in Changshou district
Received date: 2014-10-20
Request revised date: 2015-01-18
Online published: 2015-06-12
Copyright
This paper regards rural residential land patch as a research unit. According to the analysis of comprehensive influence on rural residential land patch in the Haitang country, we design different optimal spatial distribution strategies based on different landforms, and provide migration direction for guiding rural residential land parch by employing the method of Voronoi. The results of this study show the following aspects: (1) the area of 183 rural residential land patches with village-level influence is 183.57 hm2, and the area of 391 rural residential land patches with group-level influence is 183.57 hm2, and the area of 118 scattered settlements is 31.49 hm2; rural residential land patch with greater influence is mainly distributed in the central-eastern part of Haitang county where the terrain is comparably flat. (2) Through layout optimization, the total area of rural residential land patch in the whole county has decreased from 421.92 hm2 to 353.73 hm2 after optimization, or a reduction of 16.16%; and the density of rural residential land patch has decreased by 39.35%, from 14.74 per km2 to 8.84 per km2, and the average area of rural residential land has decreased from 0.61 hm2 to 0.84 hm2, or a reduction of 37.70%. From the above analysis, the scattered spatial distribution of rural residential land in Haitang county has been improved to a certain extent.
FAN Tianxiang , YANG Qingyuan , HE Jian , PAN Fei , DENG Yongwang . Spatial distribution optimization of rural residential land in hilly areas:A case study of Haitang town in Changshou district[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015 , 34(5) : 883 -894 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201505008
Fig. 1 Location map of Haitang town in Changshou district in Chongqing图1 重庆市长寿区海棠镇区位图 |
Tab. 1 Slope aspect value of rural residential land表1 农村居民点坡向分值表 |
| 坡向 | 南向 | 偏南向 | 东西向 | 偏北向 | 北向 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 分值 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
2.1.2 区位指标 区位反映某一事物与其他事物的外部空间联系。区位因素是农村居民点布局的又一重要影响因素,主要表现在距交通干道、镇区、水源地、工矿点最近距离等方面。采用上述4个指标反映农村居民点的区位因素,通过测量各农村居民点斑块到上述区域的直线距离来衡量其区位情况,距离越远,区位条件越差。交通干道和水源地根据长寿区2012年土地利用变更调查数据库显示的海棠镇辖区内公路用地、河流水面和水库水面的地类图斑进行判断。 2.1.3 居民点基础条件指标 居民点基础条件因素包括居民点特点及周边资源禀赋。居民点面积和斑块分维数反映居民点斑块自身规模和形状规整程度,其中斑块分维数[21]用来测定斑块边界形状的曲折性和复杂程度,其值介于1~2之间。值越小,形状越简单,越利于进行土地整治。其计算公式如下: |
Tab. 2 Evaluation index system of comprehensive influence on rural residential land patch and indexes weight表2 农村居民点斑块综合影响力评价指标体系及权重 |
| 目标层 | 准则层 | 指标层 | 综合权重 | 指标属性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 综合影响力评价 | 自然条件 | 地形位指数 | 0.13 | 负向 |
| 坡向 | 0.08 | 正向 | ||
| 区位 | 距交通干道最近距离 | 0.08 | 负向 | |
| 距镇区最近距离 | 0.13 | 负向 | ||
| 距水源地最近距离 | 0.05 | 负向 | ||
| 距独立工矿点最近距离 | 0.03 | 负向 | ||
| 居民点本底条件 | 居民点面积 | 0.14 | 正向 | |
| 斑块分维数 | 0.03 | 负向 | ||
| 农用地等级 | 0.04 | 正向 | ||
| 耕地面积 | 0.09 | 正向 | ||
| 林地面积 | 0.01 | 负向 | ||
| 社会经济规模 | 村工农业总产值 | 0.11 | 正向 | |
| 村人均纯收入 | 0.08 | 正向 |
Fig. 2 Scores histogram of comprehensive influence on rural residential land patch in Haitang town图2 海棠镇农村居民点斑块综合影响力分值直方图 |
Tab. 3 A number of rural residential land patches in each grade表3 各等级农村居民点斑块空间分布统计表 |
| 村名 | 村级影响力居民点 | 社级影响力居民点 | 零星居民点 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 面积(hm2) | 个数 | 面积(hm2) | 个数 | 面积(hm2) | 个数 | |||
| 古林村 | 31.78 | 32 | 19.36 | 42 | 1.03 | 9 | ||
| 海棠村 | 39.96 | 44 | 11.31 | 26 | 0.00 | 0 | ||
| 建生村 | 39.95 | 64 | 9.04 | 30 | 0.00 | 0 | ||
| 金子村 | 0.00 | 0 | 32.98 | 57 | 3.24 | 14 | ||
| 龙凤村 | 0.00 | 0 | 34.81 | 32 | 11.48 | 33 | ||
| 清泉村 | 10.34 | 4 | 39.55 | 98 | 14.21 | 55 | ||
| 土桥村 | 21.20 | 16 | 5.64 | 15 | 0.00 | 0 | ||
| 小河村 | 16.65 | 13 | 26.77 | 30 | 1.53 | 7 | ||
| 庄严村 | 23.69 | 10 | 27.40 | 61 | 0.00 | 0 | ||
| 合计 | 183.57 | 183 | 206.86 | 391 | 31.49 | 118 | ||
Tab. 4 Spatial distribution optimization of rural residential land patch in Haitang town表4 海棠镇农村居民点斑块的空间布局优化策略 |
| 地形 | 居民点优化类型 | 综合影响力 | 斑块面积(hm2) | 优化策略 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平坝 | 城镇化型居民点 | 无限制 | 无限制 | 位于镇区规划范围内的纳入城镇体系 |
| 重点发展型居民点 | [58.48,73.21] | 无限制 | 加大建设力度,形成一定集聚规模 | |
| [48.63,58.48) | ≥2 | |||
| 保留型居民点 | [48.63,58.48) | ≥0.1 | 限制发展,内部挖潜 | |
| [39.12,48.63) | ≥1 | |||
| 迁并型居民点 | [48.63,58.48) | <0.1 | 就近迁移合并到重点发展型居民点中 | |
| [39.12,48.63) | <1 | |||
| 丘陵 | 城镇化型居民点 | 无限制 | 无限制 | 位于镇区规划范围内的纳入城镇体系 |
| 重点发展型居民点 | [44.07,57.96] | 无限制 | 加大建设力度,形成一定集聚规模 | |
| [35.22,44.07) | ≥2 | |||
| 保留型居民点 | [35.22,44.07) | ≥0.1 | 限制发展,内部挖潜 | |
| [20.25,35.22) | ≥1 | |||
| 迁并型居民点 | [35.22,44.07) | <0.1 | 就近迁移合并到重点发展型居民点中 | |
| [20.25,35.22) | <1 |
Fig. 3 Spatial distribution optimization scheme of rural residential land patch in Haitang town图3 海棠镇农村居民点斑块空间布局优化方案 |
Fig. 4 Spatial distribution optimization result of rural residential land patch in Haitang town图4 海棠镇农村居民点斑块空间布局优化结果 |
Tab. 5 Characteristics of rural residential land before and after optimization in Haitang town表5 海棠镇优化前后农村居民点特征对比表 |
| 居民点斑块总面积(hm2) | 居民点斑块密度(个/km2) | 居民点斑块平均面积(hm2) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 优化前 | 421.92 | 14.74 | 0.61 |
| 优化后 | 353.73 | 8.94 | 0.84 |
| 优化前后变化量 | -68.19 | -5.8 | 0.23 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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