The comparison of city housing price spatial variances based on spatial expansion and geographical weighted regression models
Received date: 2015-01-15
Request revised date: 2015-04-02
Online published: 2015-08-08
Copyright
Prior researches mostly focused on spatial dependence among house prices, ignoring the effects of spatial heterogeneity on house hedonic price; also, few comparative studies based on econometric models were conducted to obtain the accuracy of spatial variances on influencing factors of housing price. Considering the problems above and taking the center of Changsha as a research objective, this paper adopts spatial expansion model and geographic weighted regression model (GWR) to examine the spatial variances of factors that influence housing prices. The main findings are: (1) the analysis of spatial expansion model and GWR model shows that marginal prices of house attributes in the center of Changsha vary in different locations, indicating that the factors are significantly spatially heterogeneous, and some factors such as community environment, transportation conditions, educational facilities and living facilities have obvious spatial variances. (2) Spatial expansion model and GWR model can both modify traditional hedonic model; however, GWR model has stronger explanatory power and is more accurate in simulating the results than spatial expansion model; as for the analysis of attribute coefficient estimation spatial mode, the results from GWR model are more complicated and objective than those from spatial expansion model which adopts coordinate-based polysemy extension.
SUN Qian , TANG Fanghua . The comparison of city housing price spatial variances based on spatial expansion and geographical weighted regression models[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015 , 34(7) : 1343 -1351 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201507013
Fig. 1 The distribution of newly-built ordinary commercial residential housing projects in Changsha City图1 长沙市新建普通商品住宅楼盘的空间分布 |
Tab. 1 The general description of model variables表1 模型变量的简单描述 |
| 特征分类 | 解释变量 | 变量描述及计算方法 | 均值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 因变量 | 住房价格(ZFJG) | 样本楼盘建筑面积销售均价CPI指数平减后的对数值 | 8.76 |
| 内生特征 | 容积率(R-plot) | 样本楼盘容积率的对数值 | 1.15 |
| 绿化率(R-green) | 样本楼盘绿化率的对数值 | 3.66 | |
| 物业管理(Q-property) | 样本楼盘物业管理资质,分为四级:一级(4分)、二级(3分)、三级(2分)、三级暂定(1分),取对数 | 1.35 | |
| 小区环境(Q-envi) | 样本楼盘环境质量,五级评分,量化为1~5分,取对数 | 1.15 | |
| 邻里特征 | 交通条件(N-bus) | 样本楼盘500 m以内公交站点数的对数值 | 2.28 |
| 教育配套(D-school) | 样本楼盘到最近重点小学、中学距离的对数值 | 7.21 | |
| 医疗配套(D-hospital) | 样本楼盘到最近三甲医院距离的对数值 | 7.62 | |
| 生活配套(D-smarket) | 样本楼盘到最近大型超市距离的对数值 | 7.41 | |
| 区位特征 | 邻近CBD距离(D-CBD) | 样本楼盘到最近CBD距离的对数值 | 8.88 |
| 邻近湘江距离(D-xriver) | 样本楼盘到湘江最近距离的对数值 | 8.26 | |
| 邻近火车站距离(D-railway) | 样本楼盘到火车站或火车南站最近距离的对数值 | 8.92 |
Tab. 2 The estimation results of the hedonic model表2 特征价格模型估计结果 |
| 模型 | 回归系数 | Std. Error | t值 | Sig. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (常数项) | 9.574*** | 0.283 | 33.782 | 0.000 | ||
| R-plot | -0.010 | 0.020 | -0.247 | 0.805 | ||
| R-green | -0.012 | 0.024 | -0.332 | 0.740 | ||
| Q-property | 0.017 | 0.117 | 0.398 | 0.691 | ||
| Q-envi | 0.662*** | 0.059 | 11.179 | 0.000 | ||
| N-bus | 0.029** | 0.013 | 2.154 | 0.033 | ||
| D-school | -0.019* | 0.015 | -1.907 | 0.086 | ||
| D-hospital | -0.040* | 0.016 | -1.923 | 0.083 | ||
| D-smarket | -0.037* | 0.014 | -1.931 | 0.082 | ||
| D-CBD | -0.090*** | 0.023 | -3.879 | 0.000 | ||
| D-xriver | -0.045*** | 0.010 | -4.317 | 0.000 | ||
| D-railway | -0.054** | 0.022 | -2.393 | 0.018 | ||
| R2 | R2(adj) | Std. Error | F值 | Sig. | Durbin-Watson | |
| 0.686 | 0.680 | 0.123 | 125.572 | 0.000 | 1.954 | |
注:***、**、*分别表示在1%、5%和10%水平上显著。 |
Tab. 3 The estimation results of spatial expansion model表3 空间扩展模型估计结果 |
| 模型 | 回归系数 | Std. Error | t值 | Sig. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (常数项) | 9.118 | 0.221 | 41.237 | 0.000 | |
| Q-envi | 0.18 | 0.023 | 3.895 | 0.003 | |
| N-bus | 0.042 | 0.011 | 3.977 | 0.003 | |
| D-xriver | -13.231 | 0.692 | 3.817 | 0.003 | |
| D-CBD | -727.698 | 0.032 | -4.298 | 0.002 | |
| D-railway | -0.111 | 0.026 | -7.913 | 0.000 | |
| 1.055 | 0.104 | 6.924 | 0.000 | ||
| 1.054 | 0.227 | 5.894 | 0.000 | ||
| Q-envi | 5.224E-5 | 0.000 | 11.653 | 0.000 | |
| D-xriver | -10.638 | 0.012 | -8.718 | 0.000 | |
| D-xriver | -26.434 | 0.169 | -4.801 | 0.001 | |
| D-xriver | -5.511E-5 | 0.000 | -4.534 | 0.001 | |
| D-CBD | 0.051 | 0.015 | 3.374 | 0.007 | |
| D-CBD | -0.002 | 0.001 | -3.646 | 0.004 | |
| D-railway | -0.111 | 0.004 | -4.916 | 0.001 | |
| D-railway | -0.112 | 0.012 | -3.909 | 0.003 | |
| D-railway | -0.111 | 0.215 | -3.919 | 0.003 | |
| D-railway | -0.114 | 0.000 | -3.919 | 0.003 | |
| D-railway | -0.112 | 0.242 | -3.912 | 0.003 | |
| R2 | R2(adj) | Std. Error | F值 | Sig. | Durbin-Watson |
| 0.798 | 0.792 | 0.119 | 135.358 | 0.000 | 1.996 |
Tab. 4 The estimation results of GWR model表4 地理加权回归模型估计结果 |
| 回归系数 | t值 | 25%分位数 | 中位数 | 75%分位数 | Sig. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (常数项) | 9.868 | 25.472 | 9.796 | 9.823 | 9.959 | 0.000 |
| R-plot | -0.008 | -0.425 | -0.011 | -0.007 | -0.004 | 0.680 |
| R-green | -0.010 | -0.443 | -0.013 | -0.009 | -0.008 | 0.667 |
| Q-property | 0.002 | 0.018 | -0.006 | 0.001 | 0.012 | 0.986 |
| Q-envi | 0.262 | 10.199 | 0.257 | 0.264 | 0.269 | 0.000 |
| N-bus | 0.086 | 2.894 | 0.083 | 0.086 | 0.088 | 0.016 |
| D-school | -0.043 | -1.87 | -0.045 | -0.043 | -0.041 | 0.091 |
| D-hospital | -0.061 | -2.219 | -0.063 | -0.060 | -0.059 | 0.051 |
| D-smarket | -0.054 | -2.34 | -0.055 | -0.054 | -0.053 | 0.041 |
| D-CBD | -0.198 | -4.651 | -0.199 | -0.198 | -0.196 | 0.001 |
| D-xriver | -0.085 | -3.678 | -0.092 | -0.083 | -0.075 | 0.004 |
| D-railway | -0.100 | -2.246 | -0.102 | -0.100 | -0.099 | 0.049 |
| R2 | R2(adj) | Std. Error | Sig. | |||
| 0.914 | 0.892 | 0.082 | 0.000 | |||
Fig. 2 The spatial distribution of factors influencing house price图2 住房价格影响因素的空间分布 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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