The intensity and frequency characteristics of extreme runoff over the Huaihe River Basin during 1959-2008
Received date: 2014-12-30
Request revised date: 2015-05-05
Online published: 2015-08-20
Copyright
In order to study the intensity and frequency characteristics of extreme runoff over the Huaihe River Basin, this paper used 21 distribution functions to fit the AM (Annual Maximum) and POT (Peak Over Threshold) extreme runoff series at 13 hydrological stations which were located in the coverage area of trunk and tributary of the middle and upper Huaihe River Basin. In addition, M-K test was used to study the variation trend of intensity and frequency of extreme runoff. The results are as follows: (1) Intensity of extreme runoff at 6 stations has a positive trend while that at the other 7 stations has a negative trend; temporal frequency of extreme runoff at 8 stations has a positive trend while that at the other 5 stations has a negative trend. (2) In AM series, the frequency distribution of runoff value obeys the Weibull function rather than the widely used GEV function on the whole, while in POT series, the frequency distribution of runoff value still obeys the GP function on the whole. (3) Compared with other 12 stations, the frequency distribution of extreme runoff value of Bantai station is the most intensive with a peak frequency of 0.27, and the frequency distribution of extreme runoff value of Wujiadu station is the most homogeneous with a peak frequency of 0.0475. (4) The extreme runoff value is high in the middle basin and Mengwa region in the study area. (5) The error rate of extreme runoff estimated based on GP function is the lowest, whose error rates of most regions is lower than 0.2. In particular, the estimation accuracy of GP function is higher than that of Pearson III function, so that the engineering standard in the upper reaches of the basin may need to be adjusted. Moreover, affected by the function form, the estimation accuracy of best-fit function is lower than that of the GP and GEV functions.
YAO Mengting , GAO Chao , LU Miao , LIU Qing , HU Chunsheng . The intensity and frequency characteristics of extreme runoff over the Huaihe River Basin during 1959-2008[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015 , 34(8) : 1535 -1546 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201508011
Fig. 1 Location of the study area图1 研究区示意图 |
Fig. 2 M-K test of extreme runoff intensity, and spatial distribution of observed extreme runoff图2 淮河流域各站点极端径流强度M-K趋势检验、50年极端径流空间分布结果 |
Fig. 3 M-K test of extreme runoff temporal frequency of 13 stations图3 各站点极端径流时间上发生频率M-K趋势检验结果 |
Tab. 1 The K-S test of distribution functions fitting results for extreme runoff表1 淮河流域极端径流分布函数拟合K-S检验结果 |
| AM序列 | POT序列 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 函数 | < | 函数 | < | |||
| Weibull | 13 | 60 | GP | 13 | 59 | |
| Wakeby | 12 | 68 | Wakeby | 12 | 63 | |
| GEV | 13 | 81 | Frechet | 13 | 65 | |
| Gamma | 13 | 83 | Lognormal | 13 | 81 | |
| Fatigue Life | 13 | 84 | Inv. Gaussian | 13 | 87 | |
| GP | 13 | 87 | GEV | 13 | 89 | |
| Lognormal | 13 | 89 | Log-Logistic | 13 | 91 | |
| Johnson SB | 13 | 94 | Weibull | 13 | 102 | |
| Inv. Gaussian | 13 | 103 | Fatigue Life | 13 | 112 | |
| Frechet | 13 | 112 | Gen. Logistic | 13 | 118 | |
| Gen. Logistic | 13 | 126 | Gamma | 12 | 125 | |
| Log-Logistic | 13 | 138 | Pareto | 13 | 127 | |
| Beta | 13 | 146 | Johnson SB | 10 | 135 | |
| Gumbel Max | 13 | 156 | Beta | 10 | 162 | |
| Logistic | 12 | 179 | Gumbel Max | 8 | 193 | |
| Rayleigh | 12 | 189 | Cauchy | 9 | 207 | |
| Cauchy | 13 | 204 | Logistic | 5 | 217 | |
| Power Function | 3 | 236 | Power Function | 6 | 232 | |
| Gumbel Min | 5 | 243 | Rayleigh | 4 | 234 | |
| Pareto | 1 | 257 | Chi-Squared | 6 | 240 | |
| Chi-Squared | 1 | 268 | Gumbel Min | 0 | 264 | |
Tab. 2 Rank of GEV, GP and Weibull and best-fit function of each station表2 各水文站点GEV、GP和Weibull分布的排序及最优拟合函数 |
| AM序列 | POT序列 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GEV | GP | Weibull | 最优拟合函数 | GEV | GP | 最优拟合函数 | ||
| 班台 | 5 | 11 | 8 | Wakeby | 3 | 5 | Wakeby | |
| 北庙集 | 10 | 2 | 5 | Fatigue Life | 4 | 1 | GP | |
| 大坡岭 | 9 | 3 | 1 | Weibull | 4 | 2 | Wakeby | |
| 方集 | 3 | 1 | 6 | GP | 7 | 1 | GP | |
| 阜阳闸 | 6 | 1 | 5 | GP | 13 | 2 | Johnson SB | |
| 淮滨 | 2 | 11 | 1 | Weibull | 2 | 9 | Wakeby | |
| 潢川 | 8 | 12 | 1 | Weibull | 12 | 7 | Frechet | |
| 鲁台子 | 12 | 1 | 9 | GP | 12 | 4 | Weibull | |
| 王家坝 | 2 | 12 | 6 | Wakeby | 3 | 7 | Inv. Gaussian | |
| 息县 | 11 | 7 | 4 | Fatigue Life | 8 | 2 | Wakeby | |
| 长台关 | 5 | 4 | 2 | Wakeby | 11 | 9 | Inv. Gaussian | |
| 竹竿铺 | 1 | 11 | 10 | GEV | 7 | 1 | GP | |
| 吴家渡 | 7 | 10 | 2 | Johnson SB | 3 | 11 | Frechet | |
Tab. 3 Extreme runoff under the peak frequency of each station表3 各水文站点峰值频率下极端径流量值 |
| 站点 | 峰值频率 | 径流量(m3/s) | 站点 | 峰值频率 | 径流量(m3/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 班台 | 0.27 | 1676 | 鲁台子 | 0.05 | 6575 |
| 北庙集 | 0.16 | 340 | 王家坝 | 0.075 | 2525 |
| 大坡岭 | 0.15 | 600 | 息县 | 0.05 | 2525 |
| 方集 | 0.13 | 1125 | 长台关 | 0.165 | 1100 |
| 阜阳闸 | 0.085 | 2642 | 竹竿铺 | 0.109 | 575 |
| 淮滨 | 0.265 | 3700 | 吴家渡 | 0.0475 | 6975 |
| 潢川 | 0.08 | 950 |
Fig. 4 Probability density of extreme runoff of Wujiadu Station图4 吴家渡站极端径流概率曲线分布图 |
Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of estimated extreme runoff for different functions over return period of 50 years图5 淮河流域AM序列、POT序列不同函数下重现期为50年的极端径流量的空间分布 |
Fig. 6 Error of estimated extreme runoff for different functions over return period of 50 years图6 基于不同函数估算的重现期为50年的极端径流量的误差率 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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