A multi-agent based theoretical model for dynamic flood disaster risk assessment
Received date: 2015-03-08
Request revised date: 2015-07-14
Online published: 2015-10-15
Copyright
As the consequences of urbanization trends and climate changes in recent years, the impacts and interactions of flood disasters have become significantly complicated. As a complex system engineering, flood disaster risk assessment takes on very important meaning in the theory and practice of flood control. What is more, the risk assessment model is the foundation and core of risk management and emergency response of flood disaster. So, the flood disaster assessment model has a deterministic influence on the flood disasters risk assessment results. The flood disaster risk is the consequence of the interactions between different factors in a complicated flood disaster system. According to the characteristics of flood disaster complex system, agent-based modeling (ABM) technology, belonging to complex system modeling, is employed in dynamic risk assessment for flood disaster. This paper proposed a multi-agent based theoretical model for dynamic flood risk assessment. First, the framework of dynamic risk assessment model, namely flood risk dynamical assessment multi agent system (FRDAMAS), is constructed for flood disaster based on the analysis of the complex flood disaster system from the perspective of complex system modeling. Second, based on research on each kind of agent model in FRDAMAS, a reactive agent model is used to construct single agent model of hazard environment and a deliberative agent model is used to construct the agent models of hazard factor, hazard effect object and risk analysis. Meanwhile, the procedures, the mechanism and the rules of abovementioned agents are studied. Third, taking risk analysis agents alliance as an example, we analyze interior structures and procedures of the four types of agents alliance involved in FRDAMAS, including hazard environment agents alliance, hazard factor agents alliance, hazard effect object agents alliance, and risk analysis agents alliance. Finally, the dynamic assessment of risk population during the whole process of the rain-storm flood disaster in the Huaihe River Basin is implemented using the proposed method and DEM data with a spatial resolution of 30 m on NetLogo platform. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively assess the dynamic changes of population risk during the whole process of flood disaster. And it is also important that the results will have a strong guiding significance for population risk assessment, emergence response, and emergence management for flood disasters.
Key words: flood; risk dynamic assessment; complexity system; agent-based modeling
HUANG He , FANG Yida , YANG Siquan , LI Wenbo , GUO Xiaotian , LAI Wenze , WANG Hailei . A multi-agent based theoretical model for dynamic flood disaster risk assessment[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015 , 34(10) : 1875 -1886 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj20151006
Fig. 2 Flood risk dynamic assessment framework based on ABM图2 基于ABM的洪涝灾害风险动态评估框架 |
Tab. 1 The agent types involved in flood disaster risk dynamic assessment model based on ABM表1 基于ABM的洪涝灾害风险动态评估模型中涉及到智能体类型 |
| 联盟名称 | 智能体集合名称 | 类型 | 说明 | 类型 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 致灾因子Agent | 暴雨型洪涝Agent | 混合型 | 降雨量、流速、淹没时间、淹没深度等Agent | 慎思型 |
| 台风型洪涝Agent | 台风中心位置、中心气压、风速、方向、风圈、降雨量、流速、淹没时间、淹没深度等Agent | |||
| 海啸型洪涝Agent | 洪水量、流速、淹没时间、淹没深度等Agent | |||
| 冰雪融水型洪涝Agent | 降水量、温度、融水量、流速、淹没时间与深度等Agent | |||
| 溃坝型洪涝Agent | 洪水量、位置、流速、淹没时间与深度等Agent | |||
| 其他洪涝Agent | 根据具体情况确定相应的Agent | |||
| 承灾体Agent | 人口Agent | 混合型 | 数量、结构、年龄和分布等Agent | 慎思型 |
| 财产Agent | 农业、工矿业、基础设施、公益设施等Agent | |||
| 农作物Agent | 农作物类型、分布等Agent | |||
| 基础设施Agent | 供油、供水、供电、供气、路网等Agent | |||
| 房屋Agent | 房屋结构、种类、分布等Agent | |||
| 其他承灾体Agent | 根据具体情况确定相应的Agent | |||
| 孕灾环境Agent | 地形Agent | 混合型 | 高程、坡度、坡向等Agent | 反应型 |
| 河流湖泊Agent | 河流、湖泊等Agent | |||
| 土地利用agent | 土地类型、土地利用等Agent | |||
| 植被覆盖Agent | 植被类型、植被覆盖度等Agent | |||
| 土壤Agent | 土壤类型、分布等Agent | |||
| 其他环境Agent | 根据具体情况确定相应的Agent | |||
| 风险分析Agent | 人口风险分析Agent | 混合型 | 受灾人口、低/中/高度受灾人口、紧急转移人口、需救助人口等分析Agent | 慎思型 |
| 经济风险分析Agent | 直接经济损失、农业损失、工矿业损失、基础设施损失、家庭财产损失等分析Agent | |||
| 农作物风险分析Agent | 农作物受灾面积、农作物成灾面积、农作物绝收面积、毁坏耕地面积等分析Agent | |||
| 基础设施风险分析Agent | 供油设施损失、供水设施损失、供电设施损失、供气设施损失、路网损失等分析Agent | |||
| 房屋风险分析Agent | 倒塌房屋、严重损坏房屋和一般损坏房屋等分析Agent | |||
| 其他风险分析Agent | 因灾死亡大牲畜、因灾死亡牛羊等分析Agent |
Fig. 3 Elevation agent internal structure图3 高程Agent内部结构 |
Fig. 4 Precipitation agent internal structure图4 降雨量Agent内部结构 |
Fig. 5 Population agent internal structure图5 人口Agent内部结构 |
Fig. 6 Population-risk-assessment agent internal structure图6 人口风险分析Agent内部结构 |
Fig. 7 The internal structure of agents alliance and sets图7 智能体联盟及集合的内部结构 |
Fig. 8 The entire process dynamics simulation of population risk for rainstorm flood: (a) The DEM of the study area, (b) Population and housing agents initialization, (c) The early period of rainstorm-flood, (d) The mid period of rainstorm-flood, (e) The later period of rainstorm-flood, (e) The end of rainstorm-flood图8 洪涝全过程的人口风险动态模拟:(a) 实验区域DEM数据,(b) 人口和房屋Agent初始化,(c) 暴雨洪水初期,(d) 暴雨洪水中期,(e) 暴雨洪水后期,(f) 暴雨洪涝结束后 |
Fig. 9 The results of affected population risk dynamics changes for rainstorm flood in different periods图9 暴雨型洪涝不同时期的受灾人口风险动态变化结果 安全状态人口呈现“逐步降低→相对比较平稳→逐步上升”的趋势,该趋势与整个降雨过程“降雨量逐步增加→降雨量相对平稳→降雨量逐步减少”的趋势相反。受灾人口呈现“逐步上升→相对比较平稳→逐步下降”的趋势,与降雨量变化的趋势基本一致。低度风险状态人口呈现“逐步上升→波动变化→逐步下降→小幅上升”的趋势。中度风险状态人口呈现“相对平稳→逐步上升→波动变化→逐步下降”的趋势。高度风险状态人口呈现“相对平稳→缓慢上升→缓慢下降→快速下降”的趋势。模拟结果表明,在暴雨早期和暴雨结束后,处于低度受灾人口为受灾人口的主体,而中度受灾和重度受灾人口比较少;暴雨中期,三类受灾状态人员之间的转化比较复杂。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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