The convergent evolution of China's regional economic development models
Received date: 2015-05-18
Request revised date: 2015-08-15
Online published: 2015-11-15
Copyright
As regional economies develop, regional economic development models are also evolving dynamically. Due to the differences of society, economy, resources and environment, economic development models evolve differently. In this paper, we establish a theoretical framework to classify economic development models according to three dimensions: elements (resource-driven or human-capital-driven), systems (government or market), and relationship (endogenous or exogenous), based on thorough review on the existing theoretical discussion. And we identify eight kinds of economic development model, such as "Resource-Market-Endogenous" and "Resource-Government-Exogenous" models (the paper explains the meanings of the models). Then taking 16 typical economic models in China as an example, we analyze the evolutional process. We find that: (1) regional economic development models are evolving dynamically under the influence of path dependence and path creation. (2) During the evolution process of China's regional economic development models, the intangible elements, market and exogenous forces are becoming increasingly important. There has also been an obvious evolution from models such as "Resource-Government-Endogenous", "Resource-Government-Exogenous", and "Human capital-Government-Exogenous" towards "Human capital-Market-Exogenous" on the whole. (3) With mutual learning and extensive communication, regional economic development models in China have seen an evolution from differentiation to convergence. It should be noted that this convergence is mainly characterized by goal convergence, although the process is different. Elemental structure, system environment and endo-exogenous relationships have always been important aspects of regional economic development model research, however, most of which focused on one of the three aspects. This paper puts forward a comparatively thorough theoretical framework to examine all Chinese development models. It is an important supplement and development to the existing research.
ZENG Gang , SHANG Yongmin , SI Yuefang . The convergent evolution of China's regional economic development models[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015 , 34(11) : 2005 -2020 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201511001
Fig. 1 Path dependence and evolution of regional economic development models图1 路径依赖与区域经济发展模式演化 |
Fig. 2 Elements, systems and relationships in regional economic development图2 区域经济发展的要素、制度、关系示意图 |
Fig. 3 Regional economic development models in the three-dimensional structures图3 三维结构下的区域经济发展模式 |
Tab. 1 Typical regional economic development models in China表1 中国区域经济发展模式典型案例 |
| 模式名称 | 内涵特征 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 金华模式 | 专业市场导向型 | * | ||
| 温州模式 | 小商品、大市场 | * | ||
| 上海模式 | 政府强势、以浦东开发为龙头的外向型经济 | * | ||
| 深圳模式 | 从出口加工业转变为高新技术产业为主的自主创新型模式 | * | ||
| 东莞模式 | 以“三来一补”、出口加工业等劳动密集型产业为主 | * | ||
| 苏州模式 | 集体经济向以吸引外资发展出口加工业的外向型经济模式 | * | ||
| 泉州模式 | 强调民营经济的发展模式 | * | ||
| 东营模式 | 矿业城市资源可持续开发利用发展模式 | * | ||
| 天津模式 | 大项目、大投资带动的重化工业发展模式 | * | ||
| 大连模式 | 提升城市环境,使环境资本变为经济优势的环境经济模式 | * | ||
| 青岛模式 | 以创造知名品牌为城市经济发展提升价值的品牌经济模式 | * | ||
| 鄂尔多斯模式 | 西部资源型城市的工业化发展模式 | * | ||
| 长沙模式 | 两型社会下的城市群协同发展模式 | * | ||
| 重庆模式 | 统筹城乡发展与内陆开放型的经济发展模式 | * | ||
| 西安模式 | 科技与经济融合的经济发展模式 | * | ||
| 贵阳模式 | 西部山区建设生态文明城市的经济发展模式 | * |
Tab. 2 Descriptive statistics of the indexes表2 指标数据的描述统计 |
| 年份 | 产业结构比 | 生产要素市场化指数 | 非公有工业总产值比重 | 开放度 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 均值 | 标准差 | |
| 1987 | 0.026 | 2.643 | 1.067 | 0.800 | 0.225 | 0.849 | 0.577 | 0.193 | 0.004 | 0.757 | 0.261 | 0.285 | 0.006 | 1.703 | 0.315 | 0.513 |
| 1992 | 0.043 | 2.877 | 1.157 | 0.798 | 0.142 | 0.789 | 0.527 | 0.192 | 0.072 | 0.827 | 0.378 | 0.264 | 0.015 | 4.097 | 0.665 | 1.226 |
| 1997 | 0.084 | 5.503 | 1.682 | 1.461 | 0.106 | 0.922 | 0.640 | 0.211 | 0.278 | 0.929 | 0.510 | 0.215 | 0.015 | 3.936 | 0.687 | 1.103 |
| 2002 | 0.106 | 4.683 | 1.811 | 1.371 | 0.352 | 0.896 | 0.670 | 0.157 | 0.310 | 0.985 | 0.636 | 0.246 | 0.067 | 3.086 | 0.812 | 1.001 |
| 2007 | 0.188 | 4.482 | 1.907 | 1.678 | 0.593 | 0.872 | 0.721 | 0.091 | 0.467 | 0.970 | 0.713 | 0.178 | 0.039 | 3.215 | 0.948 | 1.081 |
| 2012 | 0.004 | 6.559 | 1.854 | 1.623 | 0.589 | 0.867 | 0.742 | 0.075 | 0.470 | 0.968 | 0.760 | 0.149 | 0.007 | 2.276 | 0.695 | 0.687 |
Fig. 4 Dynamic evolution of the typical regional economic development models in China图4 中国典型区域经济发展模式的动态演化 |
Fig. 5 The driving mechanism of model convergent evolution图5 区域经济发展模式趋同演化的动力机制 |
Fig. 6 Model convergence in different dimensions图6 各区域经济发展模式在不同维度的趋同 |
Fig. 7 Spatial convergence of the regional economic development models图7 区域经济发展模式的空间趋同 |
Tab. 3 Spatial differentiation of regional economic development models based on the three-dimensional structures(%)表3 三维结构下各区域经济发展模式的空间分异(%) |
| 模式 | 东部地区 | 中西部地区 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1987-1992年 | 1997-2002年 | 2007-2012年 | 1987-1992年 | 1997-2002年 | 2007-2012年 | |
| “资源—政府—内生型” | 30.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 50.0 | 20.0 | 0.0 |
| “资源—政府—外生型” | 25.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 25.0 | 30.0 | 0.0 |
| “人力资本—政府—内生型” | 10.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 0.0 |
| “人力资本—政府—外生型” | 5.0 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 | 0.0 |
| “资源—市场—内生型” | 0.0 | 9.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 |
| “资源—市场—外生型” | 5.0 | 13.6 | 31.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 |
| “人力资本—市场—内生型” | 10.0 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 |
| “人力资本—市场—外生型”模式 | 15.0 | 68.2 | 68.2 | 25.0 | 20.0 | 50.0 |
Fig. 8 Proportion of various regional economic development models in different stages图8 不同阶段的各区域经济发展模式占比 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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