Collective memory of Chinese traditional villages: A case study of content analysis on the documentary Homesickness in Mind
Received date: 2015-06-26
Request revised date: 2015-11-07
Online published: 2015-12-24
Copyright
The collective memory of traditional villages carries the villages' traditional culture and people's nostalgia. Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization and mass migration, the rural culture and collective memory are facing the crisis of fading away. Studying the collective memory of traditional villages is of great significance in the aspects of rural planning, tourism development, rural memory project and so on. Taking the documentary Homesickness in Mind as study material, this paper selects the most representative 60 traditional villages, and adopts the literature analysis, content analysis and other research methods to build the three elements of collective memory in traditional villages, namely "subject, object and time" and makes a further discussion on these three elements. The main results are demonstrated as follows: (1) The subject elements are given priority to the middle aged and elderly ones, who has special appeal and emotional characteristics; (2) The object elements to be remembered include the substantial spatial information and figure-event clues, which conforms to the values highly praised by traditional villages; (3) The time element includes the peopl's perception indicator to time, which takes the events of natural cycle and natural environment as references, and also covers the time axis of collective memory, through the characteristic of which we could find that the collective memory of traditional villages mostly prevails in the initial-development, heyday and contemporary phases; (4) With the transition of productivity and people's lifestyle, the three elements of the traditional village collective memory are also in constant evolution. Finally, the application recommendations are proposed with the combination of rural planning practices and rural tourism.
WANG Fang , SUN Ruimin . Collective memory of Chinese traditional villages: A case study of content analysis on the documentary Homesickness in Mind[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2015 , 34(12) : 2368 -2380 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201512014
Tab. 1 Collective memory research in different disciplines表1 不同学科对集体记忆的研究列举 |
| 学科 | 研究内容列举 | 方法选择列举 | 相关概念列举 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 社会学 | 政治事件对集体记忆的影响[3,4]、社会环境和族群对集体记忆的选择性[2]、社会沉默导致的集体记忆的否认和遗忘[5]、文化视角的影响[6,7]等 | 文献研究、田野考察、深度访谈等 | 社会记忆、文化记忆、 收集记忆 |
| 历史学 | 记忆史研究[8]、特殊历史时期的历史记忆解读[9]等 | 历史文献法、口述史研究 | 历史记忆 |
| 心理学 | 人体感知的角度[10,11] | 人体实验测试 | 自传体记忆、闪光灯记忆、内隐记忆 |
| 地理学 | 物质景观与空间的象征性[12-14] | 文献研究、空间分析、认知地图 | 公共记忆 |
注:除特殊说明外,本文图表均为自绘。 |
Fig. 1 The geographical distribution of the 60 villages图1 60个村庄的空间分布 |
Fig. 2 The collective memory elements of traditional villages图2 传统村落的集体记忆构成要素 |
Tab. 2 The distribution table of objects' age characteristics表2 主体年龄特征分布示意 |
| 年龄段(岁) | 0~19 | 20~29 | 30~39 | 40~49 | 50~59 | 60~69 | 70~79 | 80~89 | 90~99 | 100及以上 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 人数 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 16 | 21 | 21 | 29 | 14 | 3 |
| 比例(%) | 0.82 | 3.25 | 8.13 | 3.25 | 13.01 | 17.07 | 17.07 | 23.58 | 11.38 | 2.44 |
Tab. 3 High-frequency words based on the people's demands for traditional-village collective memory表3 传统村落集体记忆的主体诉求的高频词频统计 |
| 诉求 | 频次 | 诉求 | 频次 | 诉求 | 频次 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 孝文化 | 45 | 传承 | 37 | 建设家乡 | 16 |
| 铭记家族荣耀 | 42 | 读书与教育 | 33 | 和睦 | 15 |
| 追根溯源 | 38 | 感恩 | 17 | 祈福祝愿 | 13 |
Fig. 3 Network semantic graph about lyrics analysis of the documentary图3 《记住乡愁》纪录片主题歌歌词的语义网络图 |
Tab. 4 The physical information contents of traditional-village collective memory表4 传统村落集体记忆的物质空间信息 |
| 信息类型 | 具体构成 |
|---|---|
| 村落基本信息 | 名称、行政区划、地理信息、起源与年代、面积范围、人口、民族、方言、自然生态环境要素等 |
| 村落空间格局 | 选址、风貌、轴线、街巷格局、空间特征等 |
| 民居与公共建筑 | 建造年代、历史用途、产权归属、材料结构、工艺装饰、室内空间、文化内涵、使用与保存信息等 |
| 公共空间与景观 | 古树名木、塔桥亭阁、井泉沟渠、庭园景观等 |
| 生产生活场景 | 衣、食、住、行、生产、商业 |
| 民俗文化 | 节日习俗、文学、音乐、经济、绘画、舞蹈、戏剧、曲艺、技艺、医药、传说、民谣、谚语、禁忌与咒语、传承人与存续情况等 |
| 文献资料 | 志书、族谱与古书籍、舆图、碑刻题记、匾联、诗词、游记等相关历史资料 |
| 当代出版物、有关村落的著作品等 | |
| 保护与发展情况 | 政府政策与制度管理、村庄规划 |
| 保护管理大事记与相关的乡规民约 |
Fig. 4 The frequency distribution diagram of physical and spatial information图4 物质空间信息的出现频数分布图 |
Tab. 5 Correlation analysis of physical spatial information elements表5 物质空间信息要素的相关性分析 |
| 村落基本信息 | 村落空间格局 | 民居与公共建筑 | 生产生活场景 | 公共空间与景观 | 民俗文化 | 文献 资料 | 保护发展情况 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 村落基本信息 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 村落空间格局 | 0.344** | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 民居与公共建筑 | 0228 | 0.292* | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 生产生活场景 | -0.017 | 0.017 | -0.290* | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| 公共空间与景观 | 0.352** | 0.212 | 0.159 | -0.078 | 1 | - | - | - |
| 民俗文化 | 0.030 | -0.006 | -0.154 | -0.207 | -0.041 | 1 | - | - |
| 文献资料 | -0.259* | -0.166 | -0.108 | 0.101 | -0.100 | -0.216 | 1 | - |
| 保护与发展情况 | 0.390** | 0.393** | 0.230 | 0.230 | 0.164 | 0.094 | -0.139 | 1 |
注:“**”表示在置信度(双侧)为0.01时,相关性显著;“*”表示在置信度(双侧)为0.05时,相关性显著。 |
Tab. 6 Identity characteristics statistics of the persons in memory表6 被记忆人物的身份特征统计 |
| 人物身份 | 当代村民 | 始祖 | 皇帝 | 其他和村落相关的著名人物 | 其他先祖 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 频数 | 302 | 17 | 16 | 23 | 110 |
| 比例 | 64.53% | 3.63% | 3.42% | 4.92% | 23.50% |
Tab. 7 The occurrence time of the events about traditional village collective memory表7 传统村落集体记忆事件发生的时间 |
| 时期 | 频次 | 时期 | 频次 | 时期 | 频次 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 当代 | 302 | 抗日战争时期 | 8 | 汉 | 5 |
| 清 | 62 | 唐朝 | 7 | 民国时期 | 3 |
| 明 | 37 | 元 | 5 | 三国 | 3 |
| 南北宋 | 16 | 周 | 2 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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