Mechanism of oasis urbanization: A theoretical framework based on complexity theory
Received date: 2015-06-14
Request revised date: 2015-12-18
Online published: 2016-02-20
Copyright
Oasis cities are the most concentrated zones of human activity and the most vulnerable places in the arid region of northwest China. The urbanization rate rose from 15% at the beginning of the reform and opening up to 44.75% in 2013. Oasis urbanization is a typical complex giant system, featured with nonlinearity, self-organization, self-adaptability, fluctuation and feedback. Research on the mechanism of oasis urbanization is significant for the planning and construction of new-type urbanization in China's arid areas. Based on complexity theory, we analyzed the generation, evolution and transformation process of oasis urbanization, and built the theoretical framework of oasis urbanization evolution mainly from three dimensions of the emerging generation, coordinated sustenance and critical phase transition innovatively, by using proper concepts like emergence and synergism and the model of basin of attraction, according to which the Northam Curve was reinterpreted. The study indicated that: (1) Oasis city is an entire structural and functional emergence phenomenon of a human-centered oasis region system from the perspective of multiple spatial and time dimensions, and its formation conditions include generating subjects, self-organization and limited formation mechanism and environment policy. (2) Competitive and synergic mechanisms keep the vitality and evolution stability of the oasis urbanization system, which is the basic motive force of the system evolution. According to the synergetics theory and dissipative structure, we build the synergy degree and order degree of oasis urbanization evolution to recognize the evolution direction of such system. (3) Oasis urbanization process is also essentially a self-organized critical phase transition, which is the dialectical unity in the aspects of rheology and mutation, order and chaos, stability and non-stability. (4) The positive and negative feedback mechanisms in space and time improve the complexity and order of oasis urbanization, which approaches to the state of self-organized criticality; meanwhile, the vitality and diversity of urbanization system are reinforced in this process. Furthermore, the complex system models, such as multi-agent model, the complex adaptive system model, bionic calculation and social computing, will play an important role in the research of urbanization simulating and forecasting.
LIU Haimeng , FANG Chuanglin , MAO Hanying , SHI Peiji . Mechanism of oasis urbanization: A theoretical framework based on complexity theory[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2016 , 35(2) : 242 -255 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201602004
Fig. 1 The pyramid of oasis city system in emerging generation图1 绿洲城镇系统涌现生成机制金字塔 |
Fig. 2 The interaction between oasis city system and environment图2 绿洲城镇系统与外界环境的相互作用 |
Fig. 3 The evolution of oasis urbanization complex system图3 绿洲城镇化复杂系统演化概念图 |
Fig. 4 The critical phase transition of water图4 水的临界相变 |
Fig. 5 A model "basin of attraction"图5 吸引盆模型(根据文献[42]改绘) |
Fig. 6 The Northam Curve图6 城市化诺瑟姆曲线 |
Fig. 7 The explanation of Northam Curve with complexity theory图7 诺瑟姆曲线的复杂系统理论解释 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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