Influence mechanism of tourism development on intangible cultural heritages (ICH) based on the perception of tourists: A case study of traditional handicraft Suzhou Embroidery
Received date: 2015-11-03
Request revised date: 2016-01-15
Online published: 2016-03-20
Copyright
Tourism product development is an important way in marketing of intangible cultural heritages (ICH). However, the existing problems such as extensive-oriented development, poor reflection of display, over-commercialization and chaotic shopping organization have imposed negative impacts on ICH tourism market. Therefore, systematic research is needed to solve the problems. This paper is trying to construct a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analyze the relationship between the identified 7 variables such as perceptions of heritage attractiveness and influence; preferences for display means and content; attitudes towards heritage protection, tourism development and willingness to pay for heritage tourism, based on the case study of Suzhou Embroidery, which has collected 492 valid questionnaires from visitors. According to the exploratory factor analysis and SEM calculation by applying SPSS and Amos, the paper draws conclusions as follows: (1) Perceptions of heritage attractiveness and market influence as well as preference for display content pose a significant positive effect on tourists' attitude towards heritage protection. (2) Preferences for display content and display means have a significant positive effect on tourists' attitude towards tourism development. (3) The stronger attitude the tourists towards the heritage protection, the more supportive in favor of tourism development. (4) The more strongly the tourists support the tourism development, the higher willingness to pay for participation in heritage tourism activities. (5) "Attitude towards heritage protection" and "willingness to pay for heritage" can be bridged by "attitude toward tourism development" as a full mediator. Based on the implication of conclusions, the paper puts forward the following suggestions for the development of the ICH tourism market of traditional handicraft. Firstly, we start with the diversification of the display means and content, transforming the current "shopping only" model in traditional handicraft of ICH tourism into the rich experience-oriented tour with cheerful contents. The market development of ICH tourism should focus on the traditional fine handicrafts, on-site product process display with a thorough reflection of historical context and cultural taste by professional commentary, DIY experiences on making traditional handicrafts and interactive exchanges with masters. Secondly, to strengthen cultural dissemination is the important way to weaken the commercial atmosphere and improve the cultural atmosphere in the tourism development. Thirdly, to gradually integrate all the key segments into a chain-type development mode of traditional handicrafts includes cultural awareness and branding, on-site display, professional commentary, DIY production, interactive experiences and shopping PLUS.
ZHANG Xiyue , CHEN Tian . Influence mechanism of tourism development on intangible cultural heritages (ICH) based on the perception of tourists: A case study of traditional handicraft Suzhou Embroidery[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2016 , 35(3) : 590 -604 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201603016
Tab. 1 Factor analysis of tourists' perception and attitude towards ICH tourism activities表1 游客对非物质文化遗产旅游活动的感知与态度因子分析 |
| 维度与项目 | 因子载荷 | 特征值 | 贡献率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 遗产吸引力(ξ1) | 2.68 | 10.681 | |
| X1苏绣商品的收藏价值 | 0.613 | ||
| X2苏绣商品的观赏价值 | 0.75 | ||
| X3感受苏绣文化 | 0.689 | ||
| X4精巧的手工技法 | 0.737 | ||
| X5苏绣知名度 | 0.644 | ||
| 市场问题感知(ξ2) | 1.436 | 8.495 | |
| X6商业化气息过重 | 0.749 | ||
| X7缺乏游客可参与的活动 | 0.68 | ||
| X8商品价格太高 | 0.736 | ||
| X9无法辨别商品质量 | 0.736 | ||
| 展示内容偏好(ξ3) | 2.003 | 9.047 | |
| X10对刺绣历史文化的展示 | 0.66 | ||
| X11对普通作品的展示 | 0.751 | ||
| X12对刺绣精品的展示 | 0.617 | ||
| X13对刺绣过程的展示 | 0.573 | ||
| X14对刺绣大师的介绍 | 0.668 | ||
| 展示方式偏好(ξ4) | 1.553 | 8.604 | |
| X15刺绣过程现场展示 | 0.591 | ||
| X16专业人员讲解 | 0.592 | ||
| X17游客亲自体验刺绣 | 0.783 | ||
| X18与绣娘互动交流 | 0.761 | ||
| 对遗产保护的态度(ξ5) | 1.254 | 8.165 | |
| X19我尊敬苏绣的手工刺绣人 | 0.81 | ||
| X20我尊重苏绣文化 | 0.845 | ||
| X21我认为保护苏绣是有价值的 | 0.694 | ||
| 对旅游开发的态度(ξ6) | 1.022 | 7.019 | |
| X22我认为苏绣值得开发深度旅游 | 0.694 | ||
| X23我愿意了解更多苏绣知识 | 0.709 | ||
| X24我愿意参与苏绣相关的游客体验活动 | 0.733 | ||
| 对遗产旅游的支付意愿(ξ7) | 8.408 | 11.288 | |
| X25我愿意为保护苏绣而支付更多费用 | 0.785 | ||
| X26我愿意为手工绣品而支付更多费用 | 0.775 | ||
| X27我愿意为获取苏绣知识而支付费用 | 0.833 | ||
| X28我愿意为尝试刺绣而支付费用 | 0.729 | ||
| X29我愿意为欣赏刺绣过程而支付费用 | 0.752 |
Fig. 1 Hypothesis model of tourists' perception and attitude towards traditional handicrafts of ICH图1 旅游者对非物质文化遗产传统手工艺旅游产品的感知与态度假设模型 |
Tab. 2 Reliability test of hypothesis model表2 假设模型信度检验结果 |
| 基本维度 | 遗产吸引力感知 | 市场问题感知 | 展示内容偏好 | 展示方式偏好 | 对遗产保护的态度 | 对旅游开发的态度 | 对遗产旅游的支付意愿 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 克朗巴哈值 (Cronbach's α) | 0.768 | 0.729 | 0.777 | 0.773 | 0.864 | 0.747 | 0.834 |
| 组合信度(CR) | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.94 | 0.82 | 0.85 |
| 平均变异提取量AVE | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.63 |
Fig. 2 Parameter estimation of the model图2 模型参数估计 |
Tab. 3 Test for model fitness表3 模型拟合度检验 |
| 拟合指数 | 绝对拟合指数 | 增值拟合指数 | 精简拟合指数 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ2/df | GFI | RMSEA | RMR | AGFI | NFI | CFI | IFI | NNFI | PNFI | PCFI | |||
| 理想值 | 1~3 | >0.9 | <0.1 | <0.05 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 | 0~1 | 0~1 | ||
| 初始模型 | 2.623 | 0.884 | 0.055 | 0.034 | 0.861 | 0.859 | 0.907 | 0.908 | 0.897 | 0.770 | 0.813 | ||
| 修正模型 | 2.097 | 0.910 | 0.045 | 0.033 | 0.890 | 0.890 | 0.939 | 0.939 | 0.930 | 0.778 | 0.821 | ||
Fig. 3 Modified model图3 修正模型 |
Fig. 4 Influence mechanism of tourism development in traditional handicrafts of ICH图4 非物质文化遗产传统手工艺旅游产品开发影响机理 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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