Impact of rail transit on urban spatial structure in Shenzhen: Analysis based on land parcel price and FAR gradients
Received date: 2016-04-09
Request revised date: 2016-08-10
Online published: 2016-11-24
Copyright
High capacity transit system offers a solution to traffic problems and shapes the city structure at the same time. A great number of articles have examined the close relationship between rail transit and urban structure. Our study attempts to enrich the existing literature by providing empirical evidences of how the metro system in Shenzhen has helped to change urban structure. We use data of land transaction from 2000 to 2014, which includes information on price, parcel location, land use type and transaction mode. We calculate distances from each parcel to its nearest metro station, nearest hub station, and the city center. We also divide all land parcels into three groups according to its temporal relationship with the planning and operation of its closest metro station. When analyzing the data, we firstly plot land price and FAR in relation to the three distance variables to see how they vary spatially. We then use spatial regression models to test whether land price and FAR are significantly affected by the distance to stations. We find that price and FAR of parcels transacted before metro plan announcement shows weak or even no station-orientation. However, price and FAR gradients appear after metro plan announcement and metro operation, which result from relatively fast price increase at station proximity. It is shown that land price and FAR's rising within 1 km are greater than the ones within 2 km. In addition, we find that metro investment has a greater impact on land price in relatively underdeveloped outer part of Shenzhen than that in the inner part by dividing all land parcels into two groups. Metro stations in the outer part then become a series of new economic growth points. Shenzhen is a city of multiple centers. The station-oriented development could further move the city into a fine tuned multi-center structure.
Key words: rail transit; gradient; spatial structure; land transaction; Shenzhen
LE Xiaohui , CHEN Junxian , YANG Jiawen . Impact of rail transit on urban spatial structure in Shenzhen: Analysis based on land parcel price and FAR gradients[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2016 , 35(11) : 2091 -2104 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201611007
Fig. 1 Land parcels and metro lines图1 2000-2014年站点2 km范围内交易地块及地铁线的GIS定位 |
Fig. 2 Definition of distance variables图2 距离变量D1、D2、D3的示意 |
Fig. 3 Land parcels' price and FAR around the station图3 地价与FAR随距离变化图 |
Fig. 4 Land parcels' price and FAR in three groups图4 轨道交通不同开发阶段的地价、FAR梯度图 |
Tab. 1 Specification of variables表1 变量选择与定义 |
| 变量类型 | 变量 | 变量描述 | 变量特性 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 平均数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 因变量 | lnP | 地块交易价格 | 对数值 | 12.73 | 3.17 | 8.63 |
| FAR | 容积率 | 连续 | 20 | 0.05 | 4.75 | |
| 距离变量(km) | D1 | 地块距最近地铁站的直线距离 | 连续 | 1.99 | 0 | 0.73 |
| D2 | 地块就近地铁站沿地铁线到最近枢纽站的最近距离 | 连续 | 24.78 | 0 | 4.01 | |
| D3 | 地块就近地铁站沿地铁线到市民中心站的最近距离 | 连续 | 37.08 | 0 | 16.54 | |
| 时间变量(以Group A 为参考基准) | Group B | 成交时间位于最近地铁站公示后,开通运营前为1,否为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.35 |
| Group C | 成交时间位于最近地铁站开通运营后为1,否为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.32 | |
| 用地类型 (以其他用地类型为参考基准) | 商业用地(COM_LD) | 商业用地为1,非商为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.30 |
| 居住用地(RES_LD) | 居住用地为1,非居为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.28 | |
| 工业用地(IND_LD) | 工业用地为1,非工为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.25 | |
| 土地交易类型(以“挂牌”为参考基准) | 拍卖(AUC) | 拍卖为1,非拍卖为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.07 |
| 招标(TEN) | 招标为1,非招标为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.03 | |
| POI可达性 | 医院(HOSP) | 地块1 km内有医院为1,没有为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.35 |
| 公园(PARK) | 地块1 km内有公园为1,没有为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.20 | |
| 小学(PRIM) | 地块1 km内有小学为1,没有为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.66 | |
| 中学(MIDD) | 地块1 km内有中学为1,没有为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.61 | |
| 高校(COLL) | 地块2 km内有高校为1,没有为0 | 虚拟 | 1 | 0 | 0.25 |
Tab. 2 Spatial lag model estimation (land parcels' price)表2 不同变量类型对土地价格影响效应的模型回归结果 |
| 模型 | 模型 1 | 模型 2 | 模型 3 | 模型 4 | 模型 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 数据范围 | 2 km以内 | 2 km以内Group A | 2 km以内 | 1 km以内 | 2 km以内 | |
| 距离变量 | D1 | -0.39* | -0.21 | -0.16 | 0.32 | 0.07 |
| D2 | 0.012 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
| D3 | -0.04** | -0.05*** | -0.04** | -0.04** | -0.02 | |
| 时间变量 | Group B | - | - | 0.97*** | 1.12*** | 0.70*** |
| Group C | - | - | 1.60*** | 1.65*** | 1.08*** | |
| 开发强度 | FAR | - | - | - | - | 0.16*** |
| 用地类型 | COM_LD | 2.19*** | 1.59*** | 2.33*** | 2.52*** | 1.41*** |
| RES_LD | 0.56** | 1.02** | 1.07*** | 1.11*** | 0.46* | |
| IND_LD | 0.23 | 0.55 | 0.26 | 0.26 | -0.27 | |
| 交易类型 | AUC | -0.05 | -0.26 | 0.12 | -0.01 | 0.43 |
| TEN | 1.07** | 0.45 | 0.87* | 0.84 | 1.08** | |
| POI可达性 | HOSP | -0.32* | -0.24 | -0.11 | -0.03 | -0.03 |
| PARK | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.26 | |
| PRIM | 0.44** | 0.71*** | 0.36* | 0.52** | 0.26 | |
| MIDD | -0.33* | -0.37 | -0.37** | -0.35 | -0.27* | |
| COLL | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.25 | -0.10 | |
| 常数项 | CONS | 6.79*** | 5.40*** | 5.56*** | 6.16*** | 5.78*** |
| 空间自相关 | W_lnP | 0.20*** | 0.24* | 0.19*** | 0.07 | 0.14** |
| 统计结果 | R² | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.54 |
| AIC | 1177.94 | 286.90 | 1134.82 | 893.147 | 1081.12 | |
| Log Likelihood | -573.97 | -128.45 | -550.41 | -429.57 | -522.56 | |
| 样本量 | 314 | 103 | 314 | 236 | 307 | |
注:***、**、*分别表示在1%、5%和10%水平上显著。 |
Tab. 3 Spatial lag model estimation (land parcels' FAR)表3 不同变量类型对土地开发强度影响效应的模型回归结果 |
| 模型 | 模型 6 | 模型 7 | 模型 8 | 模型 9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 数据范围 | 2 km以内 | 2 km以内Group A | 2 km以内 | 1 km以内 | |
| 距离变量 | D1 | -1.25*** | -0.37 | -0.80** | -0.49 |
| D2 | 0.03 | -0.01 | 0.06 | 0.07 | |
| D3 | -0.07** | -0.04 | -0.07*** | -0.09*** | |
| 时间变量 | Group B | - | - | 1.95*** | 2.67*** |
| Group C | - | - | 3.08*** | 3.62*** | |
| 价格变量 | P | - | - | - | - |
| 用地类型 | COM_LD | 5.10*** | 3.42*** | 5.50*** | 6.45*** |
| RES_LD | 2.19*** | 1.92** | 3.25*** | 4.06*** | |
| IND_LD | 2.93*** | 1.16 | 2.97*** | 3.68*** | |
| 交易类型 | AUC | -2.02*** | -1.28** | -1.72*** | -1.88** |
| TEN | -0.16 | 0.61 | -0.66 | -0.16 | |
| POI可达性 | HOSP | -0.26 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.21 |
| PARK | -0.41 | -0.34 | -0.10 | -0.32 | |
| PRIM | 0.61* | -0.03 | 0.53 | 0.76* | |
| MIDD | -0.13 | 0.45 | -0.22 | -0.17 | |
| COLL | 1.49*** | -0.64 | 1.64*** | 1.89*** | |
| 常数项 | CONS | 2.01** | 0.83 | -0.30 | -1.41 |
| 空间自相关 | W_FAR | 0.30*** | 0.33*** | 0.24*** | 0.19*** |
| 统计结果 | R² | 0.53 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
| AIC | 1530.71 | 443.48 | 1485.34 | 1182.4 | |
| Log Likelihood | -750.36 | -206.74 | -725.67 | -574.20 | |
| 样本量 | 307 | 103 | 307 | 236 | |
注:***、**、*分别表示在1%、5%和10%水平上显著。 |
Fig. 5 Land parcels in inner and outer parts of Shenzhen图5 原关内外地区地铁站2 km内出让地块分布 |
Fig. 7 Gradients of land price and FAR图7 轨道交通影响下的地价和容积率梯度变化 |
Tab. 4 Spatial lag model estimation (land parcels' FAR and price)表4 不同变量类型对原关内外土地价格影响效应的模型回归结果 |
| 模型 | 模型10(以ln(P)为因变量) | 模型11(以FAR为因变量) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 数据范围 | 2 km以内原关内 | 2 km以内原关外 | 2 km以内原关内 | 2 km以内原关外 | |
| 距离变量 | D1 | 0.21 | 0.23 | -0.78 | -0.21 |
| D2 | -0.09 | -0.05 | -0.09 | -0.08*** | |
| D3 | -0.04* | 0.05 | -0.13** | 0.08*** | |
| 时间变量 | Group B | 0.47 | 1.08*** | 3.18*** | 0.69*** |
| Group C | 1.26*** | 2.30*** | 3.94*** | 2.06*** | |
| 用地类型 | COM_LD | 2.52*** | 1.30*** | 7.58*** | 1.80*** |
| RES_LD | 0.41 | 0.86*** | 4.36*** | 1.15*** | |
| IND_LD | 0.70* | -0.47 | 5.34*** | 0.34 | |
| 交易类型 | AUC | 0.72 | 0.36 | -1.67 | -0.86** |
| TEN | 1.62** | 0.76 | 1.12 | -0.60 | |
| POI可达性 | HOSP | -0.11 | 0.02 | 0.75 | 0.17 |
| PARK | 0.20 | 0.78*** | -0.22 | 0.36 | |
| PRIM | 0.73** | -0.27 | 0.12 | 0.06 | |
| MIDD | -0.69*** | -0.29 | 0.14 | -0.20 | |
| COLL | -0.06 | -1.89* | 1.33** | -0.05 | |
| 常数项 | CONS | 8.31*** | 5.51*** | -0.81 | -0.37 |
| 空间自相关 | W_lnP | -0.07 | 0.64*** | 0.12 | 0.17* |
| 统计结果 | R² | 0.50 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 0.46 |
| AIC | 633.46 | 464.87 | 855.66 | 467.50 | |
| Log Likelihood | -299.73 | -216.43 | -410.83 | -216.75 | |
| 样本量 | 168 | 146 | 164 | 143 | |
注:***、**、*分别表示在1%、5%和10%水平上显著。 |
Fig. 6 Rise in FAR and price inner and outer parts of Shenzhen图6 原关内外地区地铁站2 km内地块价格与容积率增幅对比 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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