Identifying the commuting features and patterns of typical employment areas in Shanghai using cellphone signaling data: A case study in Zhangjiang, Jinqiao and Lujiazui
Received date: 2016-08-11
Request revised date: 2016-12-14
Online published: 2017-01-20
Copyright
Commuting features which are of great significance in urban Study have long been concerned. Due to the lack of information about working place in Chinese census data, researches on this topic have relied on traditional data such as questionnaire data in a rather long time. As a result, studies on temporal-spatial commuting characteristics are not refined enough yet. The development of information and communication provides new data, concepts and methods for commuting study, which offers an opportunity for a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of commuting features. Using the cellphone signaling data within two consecutive weeks in 2014 in Shanghai, China, this paper selects three typical employment areas, which are Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Jinqiao Economic Development Zone as well as Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone to analyze the commuting features respectively and comparatively from four aspects: employment and residence, spatial commuting features, temporal commuting features and commuting by subway. The results show that: (1) Zhangjiang is relatively well self-balanced with the shortest commuting distance; employees here live close to their working place and over a half of them live just in the Park. (2) Jinqiao, having few housing supplies inside and poor rail transportation condition, is typical single-employment; many employees here live surrounding the Zone. (3) Lujiazui, with a rather high proportion of employees live in the central city, is city-interactive; although the inner commuting is still a small part and the commuting distance is not very short, employees here can commute quite conveniently in general. How the six main factors, which are location, transportation condition, scale, industry types as well as land use inside and nearby, contribute to different types of employment areas is then discussed. The results can be instructive for the planning and construction of employment areas. Corresponding planning suggestions are put forward for different patterns of employment areas in the end. For self-balanced ones, increasing supporting facilities inside, such as schools, hospitals and shops, rather than houses only may be more attractive for living. Regarding the single-employment ones, the internal and external public transport links should be mainly enhanced. As for those city-interactive, improving the spatial quality and arousing the regional vitality may be the most important.
Key words: cellphone signaling data; employment area; commuting features; Shanghai
TIAN Jinling , WANG De , XIE Dongcan , ZHU Wei . Identifying the commuting features and patterns of typical employment areas in Shanghai using cellphone signaling data: A case study in Zhangjiang, Jinqiao and Lujiazui[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017 , 36(1) : 134 -148 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201701011
Fig. 1 Location of the research objects in Shanghai图1 研究对象在上海市的位置 |
Fig. 2 Research boundaries and the land use inside each subject图2 研究边界与现状用地 |
Fig. 3 The comparison of resident population identified by phone data and census data on sub-district dimension图3 上海市各街道手机数据识别的居住人数和六普常住人口数对比 |
Fig. 4 The technical route of this research图4 技术路线 |
Tab. 1 The employment and resident population identified by cellphone signaling data and related index表1 手机识别的就业和居住人数及相关指标 |
| 张江 | 金桥 | 陆家嘴 | 小陆家嘴 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 就业人数(人) | 71656 | 36015 | 69203 | 36297 |
| 居住人数(人) | 48856 | 12625 | 33435 | 5910 |
| 就业密度(人/km2) | 2550.0 | 2308.7 | 10029.4 | 21351.2 |
| 居住密度(人/km2) | 1738.6 | 809.3 | 4845.7 | 3476.5 |
| 职住比(就业人数/居住人数) | 1.47 | 2.85 | 2.07 | 6.14 |
| 其它途径统计就业人数(万人)/手机数据识别率(%) | 30/24 | 17/21 | 20/34 | 10/39 |
| 普查居住人口数(万人)/手机数据识别率(%) | 12.70/38 | 0.55/229 | 11.25/30 | 0.37/160 |
注:手机数据识别率为手机数据识别人数与其他途径统计人数之比。 |
Fig. 5 The core density of employment distribution图5 张江、金桥和陆家嘴三地就业人口分布核密度图 |
Fig. 6 The core density of resident distribution图6 张江、金桥和陆家嘴三地居住人口分布核密度图 |
Fig. 7 The core density of resident distribution of all employees图7 张江、金桥和陆家嘴三地就业者居住地分布核密度图 |
Fig. 8 Three-level commuting circles of each subject图8 张江、金桥和陆家嘴的三级通勤圈层 |
Tab. 2 The area of three-level commutingcircles of each subject (km2)表2 张江、金桥和陆家嘴不同层级通勤圈的面积(km2) |
| 通勤圈 | 张江 | 金桥 | 陆家嘴 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 核心 | 63 | 131 | 70 |
| 次级 | 79 | 215 | 113 |
| 边缘 | 278 | 312 | 104 |
Tab. 3 The proportion of each commutingtypes in each subject (%)表3 张江、金桥和陆家嘴三地不同通勤类型的人数比例(%) |
| 张江 | 金桥 | 陆家嘴 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 内部通勤 | 54.04 | 22.91 | 35.63 |
| 向内通勤 | 45.96 | 77.09 | 64.37 |
| 总计 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Tab. 4 The mean and median commutingdistance of each subject (m)表4 张江、金桥和陆家嘴总就业者通勤距离统计(m) |
| 通勤距离 | 张江 | 金桥 | 陆家嘴 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 平均通勤距离 | 5139 | 6128 | 5190 |
| 中位通勤距离 | 2683 | 3780 | 4721 |
Tab. 5 The proportion of different commutingdistance in each subject (%)表5 张江、金桥和陆家嘴不同通勤距离段人数比例分布(%) |
| 通勤距离 | 张江 | 金桥 | 陆家嘴 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 极近距离(km) | (0, 2] | 45.21 | 30.49 | 40.06 |
| 近距离(km) | (2, 5] | 21.05 | 29.37 | 17.59 |
| 中等距离(km) | (5, 10] | 14.93 | 19.62 | 25.50 |
| 远距离(km) | (10,15] | 8.91 | 9.24 | 10.82 |
| 极远距离(km) | >15 | 9.90 | 11.28 | 6.03 |
Fig. 9 Distribution of time-length staying in workingplace of outside-in commuters图9 张江、金桥和陆家嘴三地内向通勤人群工作地停留时长分布 |
Fig. 10 The time arriving in and leaving working place of outside-in commuters图10 张江、金桥和陆家嘴三地内向通勤人群到达离开工作地时刻 |
Tab. 6 The number and proportion of employees commuting by subway表6 手机数据识别到的研究范围内地铁通勤人数和相对比例 |
| 张江 | 金桥 | 陆家嘴 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 乘地铁就业人数 | 8875 | 187 | 6092 |
| 总就业的人数 | 71656 | 36015 | 69203 |
| 地铁通勤比例(乘地铁就业人数/总就业人数) | 12.3% | 0.52% | 8.80% |
Fig. 11 The core density of working place distribution of employees commuting bysubway in each subject图11 张江、金桥和陆家嘴三地地铁通勤人口分布核密度图 |
Tab. 7 Commuting characteristics and patterns of each subject表7 张江、金桥和陆家嘴的通勤特征和就业区模式总结 |
| 张江 | 金桥 | 陆家嘴 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 通勤 特征 | 就业与居住 | 职住比 | 较低 | 高 | 较高 |
| 内部职住结构 | 整体分离、局部混合 | 单一就业、中心聚集 | 职住分离、就业渗透 | ||
| 通勤空间特征 | 就业者居住地分布 | 园区聚集 | 园区周边,分散分布 | 市中心集中 | |
| 内部通勤比例 | 高 | 低 | 中 | ||
| 通勤距离特征 | 极近距离比例高 | 近距离比例高 | 中等距离比例高 | ||
| 通勤时间特征 | 工作地停留时长 | 中 | 长 | 短 | |
| 地铁通勤特征 | 地铁通勤比例 | 高 | 低 | 较高 | |
| 就业区模式 | 自我平衡型 | 单一生产型 | 城市互动型 | ||
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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