Eco-environment effect of urban expansion in Songhua River Basin
Received date: 2016-08-12
Request revised date: 2016-12-09
Online published: 2017-01-20
Copyright
Increasing evidence indicates that blind expansion of urban area has caused significant ecological environment problems. Therefore, it is important to explore the complex interaction between urban expansion and ecological environment change. Here, we built a comprehensive evaluation index system, "The P-S-R model for the Eco-environment Effect of Urban Expansion (EU-P-S-R)", to evaluate eco-environment effect of urban expansion in the Songhua River Basin from 2001 to 2013, and then explored the driving mechanism of interaction between the urban expansion system and the eco-environment system. This evaluation index system was built based on the "Pressure-State-Response (P-S-R)" function, considering the expansion pressure, expansion state and the eco-environment response for expansion. The results showed that: Firstly, these cities achieved rapidly economic and social development, but spatially unbalanced. Most of them experienced the deterioration of land use status, and their spatial difference enlarged. Besides, their eco-environment quality showed different variation trends, and the spatial pattern changed dramatically. Secondly, the comprehensive eco-environment effect index of urban expansion increased, but the spatial difference was not remarkable due to combined benefits of economic and social pressures, land use status, and eco-environmental response. Thirdly, the casual relationship between urban expansion and eco-environment of the study area accorded with the mechanism of "EU-P-S-R" model, namely, the greater the socio-economic pressure, the worse the land use condition, thus the worse the eco-environmental quality. Fourthly, all factors in the urban expansion system have strong stress effect on the eco-environment system. There was no obvious difference between the influence of the four functional groups: economic development, social development, space expansion status and intensive land use, and the stress dwindled during the research period. In the same way, each functional group of eco-environment system had significant restraint on urban expansion, and the restraint showed the characteristic of ecological status > environmental governance > resource consumption > environmental load.
ZHAO Danyang , TONG Lianjun , QIU Fangdao , GUO Fuyou . Eco-environment effect of urban expansion in Songhua River Basin[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017 , 36(1) : 74 -84 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201701006
Fig. 1 The concept framework for eco-environmentaleffects of urban expansion图1 城市用地扩张的生态环境效应概念框架 |
Tab. 1 The evaluation index system of eco-environmental effect of urban expansion in Songhua River Basin表1 松花江流域城市用地扩张的生态环境效应评价指标体系 |
| 准则层(权重) | 功能团(权重) | 指标层 | 权重 | 指标性质 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 经济社会压力 (0.206) | 经济发展水平(P1) | 人均GDP(P11) | 0.075 | 正向 | |
| 服务业占比(P12) | 0.023 | 正向 | |||
| 实际利用外资占GDP比例(P13) | 0.112 | 正向 | |||
| 社会发展水平(P2) | 城镇居民人均可支配收入(P21) | 0.038 | 正向 | ||
| 万人拥有医院床位数(P22) | 0.034 | 正向 | |||
| 万人在校大学生数(P23) | 0.072 | 正向 | |||
| 土地利用状态 (0.354) | 空间扩张现状(S1) | 建设用地面积占比(S11) | 0.028 | 负向 | |
| 人均耕地面积(S12) | 0.051 | 正向 | |||
| 建设用地扩展强度(S13) | 0.028 | 负向 | |||
| 土地集约利用(S2) | 建成区人口密度(S21) | 0.045 | 正向 | ||
| 建设用地开发强度(S22) | 0.055 | 正向 | |||
| 生态环境响应 (0.439) | 资源损耗(R1) | 能源消耗总量(R11) | 0.033 | 负向 | |
| 市区全年用电量(R12) | 0.033 | 负向 | |||
| 全年供水总量(R13) | 0.037 | 负向 | |||
| 环境负荷(R2) | 废水排放总量(R21) | 0.019 | 负向 | ||
| 废气排放总量(R22) | 0.033 | 负向 | |||
| 固体废弃物产生量(R23) | 0.023 | 负向 | |||
| 生态现状(R3) | 建成区绿化覆盖率(R31) | 0.034 | 正向 | ||
| 水资源总量(R32) | 0.076 | 正向 | |||
| 人均城市园林绿地面积(R33) | 0.069 | 正向 | |||
| 环境治理(R4) | 工业SO2去除率(R41) | 0.05 | 正向 | ||
| 工业固体废弃物综合利用率(R42) | 0.032 | 正向 | |||
Fig. 2 Spatial features of social-economic pressure index and land use status index in Songhua River Basin during 2001-2013图2 2001-2013年松花江流域社会经济压力指数与土地利用状态指数空间特征 |
Fig. 3 Spatial changes of eco-environment response index in Songhua River Basin in 2001 and 2003图3 2001年和2013年松花江流域生态环境响应指数空间变化特征 |
Fig. 4 The evaluation index of eco-environment effect of urban expansion in Songhua River Basin (2001-2013)图4 松花江流域城市用地扩张的生态环境效应综合效应指数空间特征 |
Tab. 2 The matrix of correlation degree between urban expansion system and eco-environment system表2 城市用地扩张系统与生态环境系统要素关联度表 |
| R1=0.583 | R2=0.549 | R3=0.646 | R4=0.621 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R11 | R12 | R13 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R31 | R32 | R33 | R41 | R42 | ||||||
| P1 0.601 | P11 | 0.641 | 0.604 | 0.706 | 0.635 | 0.634 | 0.602 | 0.642 | 0.578 | 0.699 | 0.665 | 0.606 | 0.637 | |||
| P12 | 0.670 | 0.597 | 0.631 | 0.550 | 0.581 | 0.520 | 0.645 | 0.738 | 0.710 | 0.658 | 0.591 | 0.626 | ||||
| P13 | 0.542 | 0.509 | 0.606 | 0.579 | 0.566 | 0.537 | 0.648 | 0.643 | 0.727 | 0.712 | 0.579 | 0.604 | ||||
| P2 0.597 | P21 | 0.565 | 0.603 | 0.591 | 0.551 | 0.576 | 0.542 | 0.617 | 0.579 | 0.600 | 0.577 | 0.591 | 0.581 | |||
| P22 | 0.615 | 0.505 | 0.611 | 0.653 | 0.590 | 0.542 | 0.637 | 0.626 | 0.696 | 0.669 | 0.660 | 0.619 | ||||
| P23 | 0.528 | 0.469 | 0.571 | 0.488 | 0.516 | 0.476 | 0.612 | 0.647 | 0.831 | 0.711 | 0.566 | 0.583 | ||||
| S1 0.59 | S11 | 0.709 | 0.643 | 0.566 | 0.627 | 0.616 | 0.628 | 0.616 | 0.663 | 0.498 | 0.563 | 0.608 | 0.612 | |||
| S12 | 0.648 | 0.588 | 0.623 | 0.540 | 0.555 | 0.485 | 0.602 | 0.688 | 0.736 | 0.716 | 0.587 | 0.615 | ||||
| S13 | 0.582 | 0.526 | 0.565 | 0.603 | 0.584 | 0.546 | 0.631 | 0.612 | 0.706 | 0.671 | 0.616 | 0.604 | ||||
| S2 0.603 | S21 | 0.595 | 0.528 | 0.630 | 0.609 | 0.590 | 0.496 | 0.593 | 0.681 | 0.706 | 0.697 | 0.591 | 0.611 | |||
| S22 | 0.617 | 0.511 | 0.602 | 0.608 | 0.548 | 0.487 | 0.605 | 0.716 | 0.684 | 0.704 | 0.616 | 0.609 | ||||
| 0.610 | 0.553 | 0.609 | 0.586 | 0.578 | 0.533 | 0.623 | 0.652 | 0.690 | 0.668 | 0.601 | ||||||
Fig. 5 The stressing effect of urban expansion on eco-environment in Songhua River Basin图5 松花江流域城市用地扩张对生态环境的胁迫作用 |
Fig. 6 The restraint effect of eco-environment on urban expansion in Songhua River Basin图6 松花江流域生态环境对城市用地扩张的约束作用 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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