Evaluation of health status in national housingmarket at the county level
Received date: 2016-06-18
Request revised date: 2016-11-07
Online published: 2017-01-20
Copyright
In order to investigate the health status and spatial pattern of current housing market in China, based on 2009-2013 national residential land transaction data at the county level, this study proposes land price-economy coordination degree, land price-income matching degree, the contribution of land revenue to local financial revenue, the proportion of land transaction through market-oriented approaches (including bid invitation, auction and listing), and housing market transaction activity as evaluation indicators. Then the Ward hierarchical clustering method is used to produce a comprehensive regionalization of housing market health status in China. Finally the spatial variation of housing market health status in China's key regions (Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Jing-Jin-Tang area) is analyzed at city level. The results show that: (1) The overall housing market health level in China needs to be improved. Some 34.48% of the research units are in reasonable health interval, and mainly distributed in southern Tianshan piedmont, Northeast China Plain, Shandong Peninsula, Dongting Lake area and other areas. Land price-economy coordination degree, land price-income matching degree and the contribution of land revenue to local financial revenue are main indicators that affect housing market health. (2) The housing market health status in China during the study period can be divided into five types consisting of "coordinated development" (ClassⅠ), "strong demand" (ClassⅡ), "economic deviation" (ClassⅢ), "financial dependence" (ClassⅣ) and "imbalanced structure" (ClassⅤ), accounting for 34.48%, 22.90%, 23.06%, 10.07% and 9.49% respectively. (3) Key regions' housing market health has significant spatial variation in land price-economy coordination degree, land price-income matching degree and housing market transaction activity. Under the requirements of current central work conference on urbanization, it is necessary for government to promote healthy and orderly development of housing market through appropriate control policies based on regional characteristics.
XU Xinru , JIN Xiaobin , ZHANG Zhihong , HAN Juan , SUN Wei , XIANG Xiaomin , XIE Jinyuan , ZHOU Yinkang . Evaluation of health status in national housingmarket at the county level[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017 , 36(1) : 85 -96 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201701007
Tab. 1 Residential land transaction in China from 2009 to 2013表1 2009-2013中国住宅用地出让情况 |
| 年份 | 出让宗数(宗) | 出让面积(hm2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小计 | 按出让性质 | 小计 | 按出让性质 | ||||
| 市场性 | 政策性 | 市场性 | 政策性 | ||||
| 2009 | 73678 | 54849 | 18829 | 85472.69 | 71338.10 | 14134.59 | |
| 2010 | 87017 | 78234 | 8783 | 127848.19 | 109779.28 | 18068.91 | |
| 2011 | 86999 | 77888 | 9111 | 133875.49 | 108372.39 | 25503.10 | |
| 2012 | 72618 | 62861 | 9757 | 116444.49 | 87714.52 | 28729.97 | |
| 2013 | 90945 | 87141 | 3804 | 143030.57 | 136326.07 | 6704.50 | |
| 合计 | 411257 | 360973 | 50284 | 606671.43 | 513530.36 | 93141.07 | |
Tab. 2 Indicators and related explanations of housing market health in China表2 中国住宅市场健康度评价指标及其含义 |
| 指标 | 名称 | 公式 | 说明 | 标准化方法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X1 | 地价—经济协调度 | 表示住宅地价变化幅度与宏观经济发展的协调性。Pi,2013和Pi,2009分别表示单元i 2013年和2009年的住宅地价水平,Gi,2013和Gi,2009分别表示该单元2013年和2009年的GDP | 小于0(即地价与经济发展状况相背离)和大于2(即地价涨幅远高于经济发展速度)的单元赋值0,其余单元以1作为理想值(即1)进行标准化 | |
| X2 | 地价收入比 | 表示住宅地价水平与居民收入的匹配性。Pi,2010表示单元i 2010年的住宅地价水平,表示房价地价比,S表示平均家庭住宅面积,Ii,2010表示单元i 2010年的城镇居民人均可支配收入 | 选取地价收入比6作为理想 值[20],显著超过此值(>12)的单元赋值0;得分在6-12之间的,利用线性函数Y=(12-X)/6进行标准化处理 | |
| X3 | 土地财政贡献度 | 表示土地出让收入在地方财政中的贡献度。ri,j表示单元i在j年的住宅用地出让收入,Ri,j表示单元i在j年的地方财政一般预算收入 | 结合线性函数,以Y=1-(X-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin)进行标准化处理 | |
| X4 | 土地市场化交易率 | 表示住宅用地按市场化方式配置的程度。ai,j表示单元i在j年以招拍挂方式出让的住宅用地面积,Ai,j表示单元i在j年的住宅用地出让总面积 | 利用线性函数Y=(X-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin)进行标准化处理 | |
| X5 | 土地市场交易活跃度 | 表示住宅用地市场交易的活跃程度。ni,j表示研究单元i在j年的住宅用地交易宗数,Nj表示j年全国住宅用地交易宗数 | 利用线性函数Y=(X-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin)进行标准化处理 |
Fig. 1 Conditions and regionalization of housing market health in China图1 中国住宅市场健康度状况及综合分区 |
Fig. 2 Spatial variation of housing market health in key regions of China图2 重点区城市住宅市场健康度空间分异 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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