The change of agricultural business entities and its influence effect
Received date: 2017-01-30
Request revised date: 2017-04-26
Online published: 2017-06-30
Copyright
It is important to analyze and summarize the internal logic changes of agricultural business entities, especially to cultivate new agricultural business entities and perfect modern agricultural management system. Firstly, we analyze the changes of agricultural business entities (CABE) since 1952. And then, we quantify the change of agricultural business entities adopting a quantitative approach, and identify its effect. CABE have obvious stage characteristics, which can be roughly divided into five stages. In fact, there is a big difference between the decision maker and the operating mechanism at different stages. During the first stage (1953-1958), the cooperative operation was based on family management, while collective management under the people's commune system was playing a dominant role in the second stage. At the third stage (1979-1992), new changes took place in the subject of agricultural business entities, which was pure peasant household's time. Farmers, and peasants coexistence in the household contract management dominated the fourth stage. Since 2013, the agricultural management system in China has taken on new characteristic, namely, many kinds of types of operation, such asfamily management, collective operation, cooperative management and enterprise management, etc. are compatible. After 1978, China's agricultural management system has been optimized; the tool variable value has been on a rising trend, the grain yield and agricultural total factor productivity index also showed the characteristics of fluctuation. Throughout the study period, the agricultural management system has a significant positive effect on grain yield and agricultural total factor productivity. In the new period, the arrangement of agricultural production and operation system should follow the market rules strictly. First of all, we must respect the willingness of the agricultural production and business entities to join or set up cooperative organizations, to protect the production and operation of the main body, to change the cost of production supervision, and to improve the degree of organization. Secondly, we should speed up the design and exploration of supporting systems, and promote the appropriate scale of operation. In the end, we should develop new business entities, develop professional farmers, and improve the production skills of workers.
WANG Guogang , LIU Heguang , QIAN Jingfei , CHEN Yangfen , ZHU Ning . The change of agricultural business entities and its influence effect[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017 , 36(6) : 1081 -1090 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201706007
Tab. 1 The basic characteristics of different types of cooperation表1 不同类型合作方式的基本特征 |
| 类型 | 决策主体 | 运行方式 | 政策文件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 互助组 | 单个农户 | 多以宗族亲属为纽带,农忙时节将农具、 役畜集中起来共同进行农业生产,但生 产决策权仍由单个农户自行决定 | 《中共中央关于农业生产互 助合作的决议(草案)》 |
| 初级合作社 | 合作社负责人 | 农户把土地、牲畜和农具以入股形式交 由合作社统一经营,农户根据合作社的 经营状况获取分红 | 《关于发展农业生产合作 社的决议》 |
| 高级合作社 | 合作社负责人 | 生产资料集体共有,全体社员共同劳动、 统一经营、统一分配 | 《关于农业合作化问题》 |
Tab. 2 The setting rules of agricultural management system's tool variable表2 农业经营制度工具变量设置规则 |
| 指标 | 含义 | 数据类型 | 赋值方法 |
|---|---|---|---|
| S | 生产监督成本的内化程度 | 整型 | 差计为0;一般到优秀取1~5的整数 |
| M | 适度规模程度 | 整型 | 不适宜计为0;一般到非常适宜取1~5的整数 |
| R | 自主加入或退出合作经营的权利 | 逻辑型 | 可以自主加入或退出则为1,反之为0 |
Fig. 1 Changes of agricultural management system's tool variable during 1953-2014图1 1953-2014年农业经营制度工具变量的变化 |
Fig. 2 China's grain yield during 1953-2015图2 1953-2015年中国粮食产量变化 |
Fig. 3 Changes of China's agricultural total factor productivity index during 1953-2014图3 1953-2014年中国农业全要素生产率指数 |
Fig. 4 Changes of agricultural total factor productivity index and grain yield per capita during 1953-1979图4 1953-1979年农业全要素生产率指数和劳均粮食产量变化 |
Tab. 3 Correlation analysis results of V value with P (grain yield) and T (agricultural total factor productivity)表3 V值与粮食产量P、农业全要素生产率T的相关分析结果 |
| 指标 | 阶段 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1953-2014年 | 1953-1978年 | 1979-2014年 | |||||
| P | T | P | T | P | T | ||
| V | Pearson Correlation | 0.901** | 0.917** | -0.322 | 0.879** | 0.943** | 0.948** |
| Sig.(2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.108 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
| N | 62 | 62 | 26 | 26 | 36 | 36 | |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
| [1] |
[
|
| [2] |
[
|
| [3] |
[
|
| [4] |
[Li Yaxin. 1 million 400 thousand cooperatives cover 40% farmers of China. Farmers Daily, 2015-12-08(1).]
|
| [5] |
[
|
| [6] |
[
|
| [7] |
[
|
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
[
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
[
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
[
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
[
|
| [19] |
[
|
| [20] |
[
|
| [21] |
[
|
| [22] |
[
|
| [23] |
[
|
| [24] |
[
|
| [25] |
[
|
| [26] |
[
|
| [27] |
[
|
| [28] |
[
|
| [29] |
[
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |