Dynamic of land use/cover changes under reclamation and Spartina alterniflora invasion in Jiangsu central coastal wetlands
Received date: 2017-03-10
Request revised date: 2017-06-10
Online published: 2017-08-10
Copyright
Duo to the combined influence of human activities and natural factors, coastal wetlands in Jiangsu province has undergone rapid change in recent years. This article examines the evolution and spatial distribution of wetlands in central Jiangsu province between 1979 and 2015 through analysis of Landsat TM images. The land use/cover changes induced by reclamation and Spartina alterniflora invasion from 1979 to 2015 (1979, 1991, 2003 and 2015) were detected. The results indicated that the areas of reclamation and Spartina alterniflora in four periods extended to the sea at most locations, while the extending speed varied spatially. The reclamation area continued to be enlarged at an accelerated speed, mainly concentrated in between Wanggang port and Xiaoyangkou port. The reclamation area of each section between Wanggang port and Xiaoyangkou port increased by 3.43 km2/yr on average. The area of Spartina alterniflora increased rapidly during the period of 1991-2003, with a rate of 0.89 km2/yr at each section. However, the rate declined to -0.03 km2/yr during 2003-2015. The proportions of reclamation converted from Pragmites communis declined from 71.30% in 1979-1991 to 9.74% in 2003-2015. The proportions of reclamation evolved from Spartina alterniflora and bare flat increased to 37.98% and 30.90%, respectively. Evolution of Spartina alterniflora to reclamation mainly occurred to the north of Fangtang estuary, while evolution of bare flat to reclamation mainly occurred to the south of Fangtang estuary. Bare flat was the largest source of Spartina alterniflora, followed by Suaeda gsalsa, and Pragmites communis was the smallest. The main area of Spartina alterniflora invasion to bare flat was found from Xinyang estuary to Liangduo estuary. The coastal wetlands evolution of central Jiangsu showed a general trend from bare flat→halophytic vegetation→reclamation, but there was a significant shortening trend due to accelerating reclamation. The invasion of Spartina alterniflora has occupied the living space of local halophytic vegetation.
JIN Yu , GAO Jixi , ZHOU Kexin , MU Shaojie . Dynamic of land use/cover changes under reclamation and Spartina alterniflora invasion in Jiangsu central coastal wetlands[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017 , 36(8) : 1478 -1488 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201708007
Tab. 1 The information of remote sensing images of study area表1 研究区遥感影像信息 |
| 成像载体 | 传感器 | 行/列号 | 成像时间 | 空间分辨率(m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landsat3 | MSS | 128/37 | 1979-5-25 | 78 |
| Landsat5 | TM | 119/37 | 1991-4-02 | 30 |
| Landsat5 | TM | 119/37 | 2003-10-28 | 30 |
| Landsat8 | OLI | 119/37 | 2015-10-13 | 30 |
2.3 研究方法 |
Fig. 1 Spatial extent of central Jiangsu coastal wetlands during the study period and the settings of sampling line图1 研究时段内江苏中部滨海湿地分布范围及样线设置示意图 |
Fig. 2 The distance of the reclamation border from reference line to sea in each year图2 不同年份围垦边界向海推进的距离 |
Fig. 3 The average annual increase of reclamation area in different periods图3 不同时段围垦面积的增长速度 |
Tab. 2 Area of three reclamation types in each year表2 不同年份三种围垦形式的面积 |
| 不同围垦形式 | 1979年 | 1991年 | 2003年 | 2015年 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 农田(km2) | 350.98 | 631.30 | 660.99 | 776.78 |
| 盐田(km2) | 23.02 | 42.63 | 46.83 | 49.97 |
| 养殖塘(km2) | 30.26 | 188.04 | 571.39 | 721.77 |
Fig. 4 The distance of Spartina alterniflora east and west border from reference line to sea in each year图4 不同年份米草东、西边界向海推进的距离 |
Fig. 5 The average annual increase of Spartina alterniflora area in different periods图5 不同时期米草面积的增长速度 |
Tab. 3 Markov transition matrix of land use/cover for coastal wetland in 1979-1991 (km2)表3 1979-1991年滨海湿地土地利用/覆被类型转移矩阵(km2) |
| 1991年 | 1979年 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 养殖塘 | 农田 | 盐田 | 河流沟渠 | 茅草滩涂 | 芦苇滩涂 | 碱蓬滩涂 | 米草滩涂 | 光滩 | |
| 养殖塘 | 17.64 | 18.04 | 0.4 | 1.03 | 0.12 | 67.18 | 56.8 | 15.53 | |
| 农田 | 3.05 | 331.19 | 0.46 | 1.58 | 1.32 | 243.36 | 41.03 | 4.41 | |
| 盐田 | 9.03 | 0 | 18.84 | 0 | 0 | 8.25 | 5.82 | 0.69 | |
| 河流沟渠 | 0 | 0.22 | 0 | 4.14 | 0.01 | 1.84 | 1.27 | 3.85 | |
| 茅草滩涂 | 0 | 0.21 | 0 | 0.09 | 0 | 2.73 | 0.01 | 0.07 | |
| 芦苇滩涂 | 0.45 | 0.63 | 0.51 | 4.99 | 0 | 107.19 | 91.49 | 75.89 | |
| 碱蓬滩涂 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0 | 24.61 | 157.61 | 32.84 | |
| 米草滩涂 | 0 | 0.22 | 0 | 4.14 | 0.01 | 1.27 | 1.84 | 3.85 | |
| 光滩 | 0.04 | 0 | 2.79 | 3.11 | 0 | 50.71 | 85.76 | 237.27 | |
注:1979年,无米草滩涂分布。 |
Tab. 4 Markov transition matrix of land use/cover for coastal wetland in 1991-2003 (km2)表4 1991-2003年滨海湿地土地利用/覆被类型转移矩阵(km2) |
| 2003年 | 1991年 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 养殖塘 | 农田 | 盐田 | 河流沟渠 | 茅草滩涂 | 芦苇滩涂 | 碱蓬滩涂 | 米草滩涂 | 光滩 | |
| 养殖塘 | 139.22 | 71.27 | 0.07 | 0.32 | 0.00 | 128.23 | 115.43 | 14.45 | 90.23 |
| 农田 | 34.40 | 544.77 | 0.00 | 0.73 | 2.48 | 64.49 | 8.94 | 0.00 | 3.47 |
| 盐田 | 0.10 | 0.99 | 42.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 河流沟渠 | 0.07 | 1.96 | 0.00 | 9.48 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 10.33 |
| 茅草滩涂 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 2.15 | 2.18 | 0.00 | 0.27 |
| 芦苇滩涂 | 0.22 | 1.60 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 57.80 | 10.90 | 0.42 | 7.60 |
| 碱蓬滩涂 | 0.48 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.00 | 6.27 | 50.70 | 7.50 | 71.31 |
| 米草滩涂 | 1.68 | 5.58 | 0.00 | 1.86 | 0.02 | 9.62 | 19.43 | 5.01 | 151.51 |
| 光滩 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 7.18 | 0.00 | 2.39 | 20.47 | 0.95 | 422.91 |
Tab. 5 Markov transition matrix of land use/cover for coastal wetland in 2003-2015 (km2)表5 2003-2015年滨海湿地土地利用/覆被类型转移矩阵(km2) |
| 2015年 | 2003年 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 养殖塘 | 农田 | 盐田 | 河流沟渠 | 茅草滩涂 | 芦苇滩涂 | 碱蓬滩涂 | 米草滩涂 | 光滩 | |
| 养殖塘 | 352.23 | 104.82 | 29.76 | 1.17 | 4.52 | 11.08 | 44.85 | 99.38 | 58.23 |
| 农田 | 177.82 | 532.73 | 0.50 | 1.73 | 0.26 | 19.42 | 8.69 | 20.73 | 13.65 |
| 盐田 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 16.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 6.59 | 0.35 | 26.12 |
| 河流沟渠 | 1.76 | 6.78 | 0.00 | 7.75 | 0.00 | 0.78 | 0.49 | 2.05 | 6.30 |
| 茅草滩涂 | 0.62 | 0.58 | 0.00 | 0.34 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.52 | 1.20 | 7.55 |
| 芦苇滩涂 | 18.94 | 15.17 | 0.12 | 1.40 | 0.33 | 42.43 | 19.15 | 15.61 | 14.87 |
| 碱蓬滩涂 | 5.33 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 2.14 | 0.00 | 1.33 | 37.42 | 8.41 | 120.40 |
| 米草滩涂 | 1.45 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.45 | 0.00 | 2.37 | 19.79 | 45.40 | 92.59 |
| 光滩 | 0.76 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 5.81 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 5.10 | 1.53 | 397.13 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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