Analysis of land use/cover pattern and its changes in the agro-pastoral ecotone based on the precipitation and soil types:A case study of Horqin Left Rear Banner
Received date: 2016-11-19
Request revised date: 2017-03-07
Online published: 2017-07-31
Copyright
The northern agro-pastoral ecotone is a fragile region in ecology and environment in China and land sandy desertification is the prominent eco-environment problem in this region. It is significant to explore the characteristics of land use/cover pattern and soil properties of changed land use/cover for ecological restoration in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China. By taking Horqin Left Rear Banner located in Inner Mongolia as a case study and using remote sensing data, precipitation data and soil data, land use/cover pattern and its changes were studied with methods of remote sensing imagery interpretation, area weighted gravity center model, and landscape indexes. Results were obtained as follows: (1) Land use/cover pattern had an obvious spatial differentiation and grassland was the optimum land use/cover type in Horqin Left Rear Banner. (2) Soils with high soil fertility and rich water resources were used as cultivated land and grassland in the first place. This was in accordance with the agriculture and animal husbandry production mode in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China; sandy soil is low in soil fertility, poor in water retention and has no soil structure; however, 47.70% of sandy soil was used as cultivated land, indicating that land was over reclaimed into cultivated land in the banner. (3) Land use/cover change was dramatic in this region, and the transformation between cultivated land and forest land/grassland was dominant in land use/cover change. Thus, it was crucial to prevent the transformation between cultivated land and forest land/grassland for ecological restoration in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China. The converted cultivated land was mostly distributed on sandy soil and meadow soil. Thus, farming fields converted from forests and grasslands on sandy soil must be stopped for the sake of ecological restoration. The converted cultivated land distributed on meadow soil should be fertilized in land use. Based on the results above, the implementation of "Grain for Green" policy has an effect on planting industry and animal husbandry in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China. To get better ecological restoration effects, influences in two ways should be taken into consideration simultaneously in the "Grain for Green" policy implementation in the study region. This study can make references for ecological restoration in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China.
ZHOU Jian , ZHANG Fengrong , XU Yan , GAO Yang , ZHANG Bailin , LI Chao . Analysis of land use/cover pattern and its changes in the agro-pastoral ecotone based on the precipitation and soil types:A case study of Horqin Left Rear Banner[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017 , 36(7) : 1210 -1222 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201707002
Fig. 1 Location of Horqin Left Rear Banner and its soil types图1 科尔沁左翼后旗位置及其土壤类型 |
Tab. 1 Remote sensing data表1 遥感数据 |
| 年份 | 行列号 | 数据类型 | 成像时间 | 影像云量(%) | 数据来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 30/119 | ETM+ | 8月11日 | 0 | Gscloud |
| 30/120 | ETM+ | 9月03日 | 0 | USGS | |
| 2008 | 30/119 | TM5 | 8月06日 | 0 | USGS |
| 30/120 | TM5 | 8月29日 | 0 | USGS | |
| 2013 | 30/119 | OLI | 7月03日 | 11.53 | Gscloud |
| 30/119 | OLI | 9月05日 | 12.91 | Gscloud | |
| 30/120 | OLI | 9月12日 | 0.02 | Gscloud |
Tab. 2 Land use/cover classification in Horqin Left Rear Banner表2 科尔沁左翼后旗土地利用/覆被分类 |
| 类型 | 定义 | 类型 | 定义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 | 指用于农业生产的土地,包括旱地、水田、水浇地 | 建设用地 | 建设建筑物、构筑物的区域,包括农村居民点、城镇、工矿、道路等 |
| 林地 | 指乔木林地 | 水域 | 指有水体存在的区域 |
| 草地 | 包括草地、灌丛草地 | 沙地 | 指地表没有植被覆盖的完全沙化土地 |
Fig. 2 Land use/cover and area weighted gravity centers of Horqin Left Rear Banner in 2001, 2008 and 2013图2 2001年、2008年、2013年科尔沁左翼后旗土地利用/覆被及其面积加权重心 |
Fig. 3 Precipitation in Horqin Left Rear Banner图3 科尔沁左翼后旗降水量 |
Tab. 3 Quantity structure of land use/cover of Horqin Left Rear Banner in 2001, 2008 and 2013表3 2001年、2008年、2013年科尔沁左翼后旗土地利用/覆被结构 |
| 土地利用/覆被 | 2001年 | 2008年 | 2013年 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 面积(hm2) | 比例(%) | 面积(hm2) | 比例(%) | 面积(hm2) | 比例(%) | |||
| 耕地 | 280115.28 | 24.37 | 270411.80 | 23.53 | 299600.60 | 26.07 | ||
| 林地 | 35161.20 | 3.06 | 66398.76 | 5.78 | 78600.96 | 6.84 | ||
| 草地 | 710668.89 | 61.84 | 664884.40 | 57.85 | 612835.70 | 53.33 | ||
| 建设用地 | 32927.67 | 2.87 | 40509.09 | 3.52 | 67577.40 | 5.88 | ||
| 水域 | 12813.03 | 1.11 | 16152.93 | 1.41 | 18442.17 | 1.60 | ||
| 沙地 | 77547.69 | 6.75 | 90876.87 | 7.91 | 72177.03 | 6.28 | ||
Tab. 4 Landscape indexes of cultivated land, forest land and grassland in Horqin Left Rear Banner in 2001, 2008 and 2013表4 2001年、2008年、2013年科尔沁左翼后旗耕地、林地、草地景观格局指数 |
| 景观格局指数 | 2001年 | 2008年 | 2013年 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | |||
| 平均斑块面积(hm2) | 18.29 | 2.49 | 54.40 | 21.70 | 2.07 | 40.33 | 17.17 | 2.44 | 31.80 | ||
| 分离度指数 | 530.51 | 149003.45 | 8.91 | 672.52 | 64493.38 | 10.74 | 370.97 | 78107.10 | 15.71 | ||
Tab. 5 Land use/cover of soil types in Horqin Left Rear Banner in 2013 (%)表5 2013年科尔沁左翼后旗各土壤类型的土地利用/覆被比例(%) |
| 土壤亚类 | 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 沙地 | 水域 | 建设用地 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 草甸沼泽土 | 42.64 | 7.40 | 31.99 | 0.90 | 8.11 | 8.96 |
| 泥炭土 | 79.27 | 1.65 | 1.39 | 0.00 | 1.54 | 16.15 |
| 草甸土 | 46.74 | 8.39 | 32.04 | 1.19 | 1.83 | 9.81 |
| 草甸碱土 | 31.27 | 5.59 | 41.89 | 1.96 | 5.54 | 13.75 |
| 流动风沙土 | 6.74 | 3.18 | 72.20 | 12.90 | 0.67 | 4.31 |
| 半固定风沙土 | 9.62 | 4.91 | 72.37 | 9.89 | 0.28 | 2.93 |
| 固定风沙土 | 31.92 | 11.12 | 47.85 | 4.34 | 0.28 | 4.49 |
Tab. 6 Soil types of cultivated land in 2013 in Horqin Left Rear Banner (%)表6 2013年科尔沁左翼后旗耕地的土壤类型比例(%) |
| 土地利用/覆被 | 草甸沼泽土 | 泥炭土 | 草甸土 | 草甸碱土 | 流动风沙土 | 半固定风沙土 | 固定风沙土 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 | 1.46 | 0.07 | 41.38 | 9.39 | 2.71 | 14.31 | 30.68 |
Fig. 4 Soil types of cultivated land in 2013 in Horqin Left Rear Banner图4 2013年科尔沁左翼后旗耕地的土壤类型 |
Tab. 7 Land use/cover transition matrix of Horqin Left Rear Banner from 2001 to 2008 (km2)表7 2001-2008年科尔沁左翼后旗土地利用转移矩阵(km2) |
| 年份 | 类型 | 2001年 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 建设用地 | 水域 | 沙地 | ||
| 2008年 | 耕地 | 1856.21 | 146.32 | 619.68 | 47.74 | 9.64 | 24.53 |
| 林地 | 171.52 | 131.68 | 320.15 | 20.85 | 12.46 | 7.34 | |
| 草地 | 711.02 | 54.06 | 5456.17 | 52.28 | 19.99 | 355.33 | |
| 建设用地 | 30.56 | 10.01 | 122.30 | 202.98 | 1.91 | 37.34 | |
| 水域 | 17.78 | 9.19 | 24.40 | 2.04 | 81.62 | 26.50 | |
| 沙地 | 14.06 | 0.37 | 564.00 | 3.39 | 2.52 | 324.43 | |
Tab. 8 Land use/cover transition matrix of Horqin Left Rear Banner from 2008 to 2013 (km2)表8 2008-2013年科尔沁左翼后旗土地利用转移矩阵(km2) |
| 年份 | 类型 | 2008年 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 建设用地 | 水域 | 沙地 | ||
| 2013年 | 耕地 | 2142.28 | 225.12 | 561.99 | 38.43 | 15.66 | 12.54 |
| 林地 | 190.13 | 216.94 | 352.81 | 15.25 | 10.03 | 0.85 | |
| 草地 | 264.63 | 165.54 | 5224.40 | 64.07 | 20.34 | 389.37 | |
| 建设用地 | 91.76 | 41.36 | 219.41 | 281.86 | 6.71 | 34.67 | |
| 水域 | 11.22 | 14.89 | 35.23 | 4.71 | 108.27 | 10.10 | |
| 沙地 | 4.11 | 0.14 | 255.01 | 0.76 | 0.52 | 461.24 | |
Fig. 5 Transformation among cultivated land, forest land and grassland of Horqin Left Rear Banner from 2001 to 2008 and from 2008 to 2013图5 2001-2008年与2008-2013年科尔沁左翼后旗耕地、林地、草地的相互转换 |
Tab. 9 Soil types of transition cultivated land of Horqin Left Rear Banner (%)表9 科尔沁左翼后旗变化耕地的土壤类型比例(%) |
| 耕地变化类型 | 草甸沼泽土 | 泥炭土 | 草甸土 | 草甸碱土 | 固定风沙土 | 半固定风沙土 | 流动风沙土 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001-2008年流失耕地 | 1.22 | 0.04 | 26.73 | 6.08 | 37.00 | 24.89 | 4.04 |
| 2001-2008年新增耕地 | 1.71 | 0.00 | 39.76 | 12.67 | 18.78 | 22.24 | 4.84 |
| 2008-2013年流失耕地 | 2.04 | 0.02 | 37.94 | 9.05 | 21.33 | 24.35 | 5.27 |
| 2008-2013年新增耕地 | 1.32 | 0.02 | 31.83 | 10.82 | 29.60 | 21.99 | 4.42 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
| [1] |
[
|
| [2] |
[
|
| [3] |
[
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
[
|
| [7] |
[
|
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
[
|
| [10] |
[
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
[
|
| [13] |
[
|
| [14] |
[
|
| [15] |
[
|
| [16] |
[
|
| [17] |
[
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
[
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
[
|
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
[
|
| [26] |
[
|
| [27] |
[
|
| [28] |
[
|
| [29] |
[
|
| [30] |
[
|
| [31] |
[
|
| [32] |
[
|
| [33] |
[
|
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
[
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |