Location model of cultural & creative industry and its application in Zhejiang
Received date: 2017-08-09
Request revised date: 2017-11-15
Online published: 2018-02-20
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Industrial location has been a heated debate in the field of economic geography and urban geography. The selection of industrial location theory includes classical location theory, behavior location theory, strategic location theory, organizational structure location theory and new economic geography location theory. The location theory of cultural & creative industry is one of the crucial topics in the field of new industries, representing a new branch of the location study in terms of the new economic geography. Existing research has been lacking of the classic empirical materials to analyse the spatial pattern and driving factors of cultural & creative industry. This paper chooses Zhejiang as a case study to demonstrate location factors of cultural & creative industry and its impact on cities. Firstly, based on the perspective of enterprises, this paper attempts to build cultural & creative industry location model including infrastructure, governance, market, and soft factor. Secondly, this paper uses the employment data of each city / district to describe the spatial pattern of cultural creative industries at city level from the perspective of whole industries and the key industries dimension by means of location entropy. Then, principal component analysis and OLS model were used to identify the contribution of driving factors to industrial location. The results can be concluded as follows:(1) From the perspective of spatial selection of cultural & creative industry, cultural & creative industry tends to choose primate city in Zhejiang, and some of the key industries choose their locations in big cities such as Hangzhou, as well as in some historical small and medium-sized cities such as Zhoushan, Jinhua and Taizhou. So, the spatial pattern of cultural & creative industry in Zhejiang has presented a pattern of "capital space" agglomeration and differentiation of "local space". (2) Economic, science and technology, government support, market demand, environment, transportation and local characteristics are important location factors of cultural & creative industry in this province. Different key industries and their geospatial scales show their impact on geographical location factors, which colloborates the rationality of the location model of creative industry. That is to say, the cultural & creative industry location model has heterogeneity. (3) The spatial location of the whole industries in Zhejiang is mainly driven by factors of infrastructure provision and government policy. The spatial location of the key industries is mainly driven by the "soft factor", such as social tolerance. Jinhua became the "highland" in the field of art creation and trade and media publishing industry, and the industrial pattern of cultural & creative industry in Zhoushan and Taizhou, can respectively be characterized by the tourism and leisure industry and art creation and trading industry. (4) This research aims to construct the theoretical framework of integrating economic geography and cultural geography from the perspective of the theory of new industry location. In addition, the cultural & creative industry is actively rooted in local city, and leading industries of eleven cities in Zhejiang are not the same, so the location model can provide policy implication for the government in terms of cultural & creative industries policy, and targeted policies support with consideration of features of the city and industry.
MA Renfeng , WANG Tengfei , ZHANG Wenzhong , LI Xueli . Location model of cultural & creative industry and its application in Zhejiang[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018 , 37(2) : 379 -390 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201802011
Tab. 1 Comparison between new and old industrial location theories表1 新/旧产业区位论研究范式比较 |
| 流派 | 主导范式 | 研究主体 | 研究依据 | 研究条件 | 研究工具 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 传统产业 区位论 | 实证主义 | 生产地与需求方 | 生产地单一效益最大化 | 理想化、严格化 | 欧式距离,距离衰减效应明显 |
| 新兴产业 区位论 | 人文主义和 结构主义 | 生产地与生产者、消费者 | 注重交易成本、贸易成本以及区域整体效益 | 情景化、宽松化、综合化、抽象化 | 综合因子加权距离,距离衰减律的地理空间尺度效应增强 |
Fig. 1 Location model of cultural & creative industry图1 文化创意产业区位模型 |
Tab. 2 Data sources and its use表2 数据来源及用途 |
| 数据类型 | 数据来源 | 数据用途 |
|---|---|---|
| 从业人员数 | 2013年浙江省经济普查年鉴数据中行业中类的文化创意产业相关从业人员数量 | 文化创意产业全行业和重点行业空间格局刻画 |
| 因变量 | 2013年浙江省经济普查年鉴 | 全部产业及重点行业空间分异分析 |
| 自变量 | 浙江科技统计网以及浙江11市的2014年城市统计年鉴 | 全部产业及重点行业空间分异分析 |
Tab. 3 Location entropy of cultural & creative industries in cities of Zhejiang province in 2013表3 2013年浙江省各市文化创意产业区位熵 |
| 杭州 | 宁波 | 温州 | 嘉兴 | 湖州 | 绍兴 | 金华 | 衢州 | 舟山 | 台州 | 丽水 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 区位熵 | 1.68 | 1.21 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.72 | 0.38 | 0.74 | 0.70 | 1.19 | 0.61 | 0.75 |
Tab. 4 Location entropy of cultural & creative industries in cities of Zhejiang province in 2013表4 2013年浙江省及辖市重点文化创意产业区位熵 |
| 建筑工程 | 建筑装饰业 | 计算机系统服务 | 咨询业 | 艺术品创及交易 | 旅游休闲 | 传媒出版 | 广告策划 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 浙江 | 1.02 | 1.36 | 0.81 | 0.76 | 1.56 | 0.91 | 1.54 | 0.86 |
| 杭州 | 2.16 | 1.73 | 1.76 | 1.94 | 0.68 | 1.62 | 1.11 | 1.86 |
| 宁波 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.94 | 0.44 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 0.88 |
| 温州 | 0.88 | 0.81 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 0.68 | 0.85 | 0.99 | 1.16 |
| 嘉兴 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.46 | 0.92 | 0.51 | 0.68 |
| 湖州 | 0.81 | 0.42 | 0.78 | 0.71 | 0.61 | 1.58 | 0.60 | 0.55 |
| 绍兴 | 0.48 | 1.18 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.54 | 0.25 | 0.42 |
| 金华 | 0.46 | 0.99 | 0.83 | 0.74 | 2.80 | 0.71 | 3.73 | 0.78 |
| 衢州 | 1.18 | 0.76 | 1.44 | 1.37 | 0.66 | 1.36 | 1.55 | 0.63 |
| 舟山 | 1.03 | 0.84 | 1.33 | 0.62 | 0.02 | 3.43 | 1.25 | 1.16 |
| 台州 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.88 | 0.54 | 3.14 | 0.71 | 0.51 | 0.72 |
| 丽水 | 1.41 | 0.94 | 1.18 | 0.84 | 0.71 | 1.32 | 1.93 | 1.27 |
Tab. 5 Index of location driving factors of cultural & creative industries in Zhejiang based on creative industry location model表5 基于创意产业区位模型的浙江省文化创意产业区位驱动因素指标 |
| 区位模型要素 | 影响因素 | 符号 | 选取指标 | 单位 | 数据来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基础设施 | 人才因素 | T1 | 高等学校在校生人数 | 万人 | 城市统计年鉴2014 |
| T2 | R&D研究人员数 | 人年 | 浙江科技统计年鉴 | ||
| 科技因素 | S1 | 发明专利申请量 | 件 | 浙江科技统计年鉴 | |
| S2 | 科技R&D经费内部支出 | 万元 | 浙江科技统计年鉴 | ||
| 基础设施 | I1 | 人均高速公路长度 | 公里 | 城市统计年鉴2014 | |
| I2 | 互联网宽带用户 | 万户 | 城市统计年鉴2014 | ||
| 管治 | 政府因素 | G1 | 教育、科技财政支出占总支出的比例 | % | 城市统计年鉴2014 |
| G2 | 文化体育与传媒财政支出占总支出的比例 | % | 城市统计年鉴2014 | ||
| 市场 | 经济因素 | E1 | 人均GDP | 元 | 城市统计年鉴2014 |
| E2 | 城市化率 | % | 城市统计年鉴2014 | ||
| E3 | 市区居民年人均可支配收入 | 元 | 城市统计年鉴2014 | ||
| 软因子 | 环境因素 | L1 | 建成区绿化覆盖率 | % | 城市统计年鉴2014 |
| L2 | 空气质量二级以上天数 | 天 | 城市统计年鉴2014 | ||
| 宽容因素 | B1 | 非当地户口和户口待定人口总数 | 万人 | 城市统计年鉴2014 |
Tab. 6 Results of regression model of cultural & creative industries in Zhejiang表6 浙江文化创意产业全行业回归模型结果 |
| 科教经济 因素Z1 | 政府支持 因素Z2 | 市场需求与 环境因素Z3 | 交通 因素Z4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 标准系数 | 0.97 | 0.17 | 0.36 | -0.12 |
| Sig. | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.58 | 0.09 |
Tab. 7 Results of regression model of cultural & creative industries in Zhejiang表7 浙江文化创意产业重点行业回归模型结果 |
| 8重点行业名称 | 科教经济因素Z1 | 政府支持因素Z2 | 市场与环境因素Z3 | 交通因素Z4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 标准系数 | Sig. | 标准系数 | Sig. | 标准系数 | Sig. | 标准系数 | Sig. | |
| 计算机系统服务 | 0.90 | 0.001 | -0.08 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.89 |
| 传媒出版业 | 0.89 | 0.001 | -0.03 | 0.58 | 0.15 | 0.11 | -0.10 | 0.24 |
| 艺术品创作及交易业 | 0.31 | 0.28 | -0.27 | 0.34 | -0.43 | 0.16 | -0.47 | 0.13 |
| 咨询业 | 0.97 | 0.00 | -0.004 | 0.96 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 建筑工程业 | 0.94 | 0.00 | -0.02 | 0.86 | 0.20 | 0.13 | -0.02 | 0.88 |
| 建筑装饰业 | 0.81 | 0.00 | -0.16 | 0.09 | 0.49 | 0.001 | -0.23 | 0.03 |
| 旅游休闲业 | 0.95 | 0.00 | -0.06 | 0.60 | 0.08 | 0.51 | -0.12 | 0.34 |
| 广告策划业 | 0.86 | 0.002 | -0.09 | 0.88 | 0.28 | 0.43 | -0.19 | 0.59 |
注:Sig.在5%水平下为显著。 |
Fig. 2 Structural explanation of location driving factors of cultural & creative industries agglomerating primate city in Zhejiang图2 浙江文化创意产业集聚首位城市的区位驱动因素结构性解析 |
Tab. 8 Policy dynamics of cultural & creative industries agglomerating primate city in Zhejiang表8 浙江省文化创意产业集聚首位城市的政策力度 |
| 城市名称 | 资金来源及额度(万元) | 扶持对象与个数 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 政府 | 自筹 | 政府与企业 | 综合性创意城市 | 创意集聚(个) | 创意产业园(个) | |
| 杭州 | 1500 | 283200 | 0 | 是 | 4 | 12 |
| 宁波 | 0 | 1500 | 0 | 是 | 1 | 2 |
| 舟山 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 否 | 0 | 1 |
| 金华 | 23000 | 299900 | 90000 | 否 | 2 | 1 |
| 台州 | 5450 | 197500 | 111160 | 否 | 0 | 1 |
注:数据源于《浙江文化创意产业发展规划(2009-2015)》。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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