Spatio-temporal characteristics and evolution of rural production-living-ecological space function coupling coordination in Chongqing Municipality
Received date: 2017-12-25
Request revised date: 2018-03-10
Online published: 2018-06-10
Copyright
The production space function, living space function and ecological space function promote and restrict each other; the complex relationship among the three functions is the major cause of the development and evolution of production-living-ecological space in rural areas. The coordinated and mutual development of the rural production-living-ecological space function is one of the most crucial issues in the current process of spatial restructuring in rural China. In this study, we established an index system for rural production-living-ecological space function with the production-living-ecological space theory in territorial space planning, based on the fact that a coupling coordination model was built. Therefore, after quantitatively calculating the coupling degree and coupling coordinate degree (2005, 2010, and 2015) of 37 districts and counties in Chongqing, we conducted spatial comparison and temporal analysis, the results are shown as follows. There were four types of coupling degree (low level coupling type, moderate level coupling type, break-in coupling type and coordination coupling type) and three types of coupling coordination degree (moderate incongruous type, elementary coordination type and moderate coordination type) appeared in rural production-living-ecological space function, which offered implications for calculating the mutual relationship among the three functions. The coupling coordination degree of rural production-living-ecological space function exhibited significant difference spatially and temporally; to be specific, it presented a spatial pattern of "high in the west and low in the east". In the time dimension, it waved from low level to high level coupling. There were obvious differences of coupling coordination status among every two of the three rural space functions. The coupling coordination of "production-living space function" was higher than that of "production-ecological space function" and "living-ecological space function" in the same period, whilst the coupling coordination of "living-ecological space function" had the poorest condition. Thus, living-ecological space function should be the key point for spatial restructuring and it must be proposed firstly in rural areas.
WANG Cheng , TANG Ning . Spatio-temporal characteristics and evolution of rural production-living-ecological space function coupling coordination in Chongqing Municipality[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018 , 37(6) : 1100 -1114 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201806004
Tab. 1 The index system of rural production-living-ecological space function表1 乡村三生空间功能评价指标体系 |
| 乡村三生 空间功能 | 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 指标解释及计算方法 | 熵值法权重 | 层次 分析法 | 综合 权重 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 生产功能 | 农业生产功能 | 人均耕地面积 | 耕地总面积/乡村总人口,亩/人 | 0.1713 | 0.1111 | 0.1412 |
| 人均粮食产量 | 粮食总产量/总人口,t/万人 | 0.0262 | 0.2347 | 0.1304 | ||
| 农业商品产值 | 以货币形式表现的农业生产的产品总和,反映一定时期内农业生产的总规模,万元 | 0.2715 | 0.2122 | 0.2419 | ||
| 非农生产功能 | 人均农林牧渔服务业总 产值 | 农林牧渔服务业总产值/乡村总人口,万元/人 | 0.2544 | 0.2429 | 0.2487 | |
| 乡村人口非农就业比例 | 乡村非农就业人口/乡村就业人口,% | 0.2766 | 0.1991 | 0.2378 | ||
| 生活功能 | 生活保障功能 | 农村居民人均纯收入 | 反映乡村地区农村居民的平均收入水平,万元 | 0.265 | 0.4089 | 0.3361 |
| 农村恩格尔系数 | 农村居民用于食品消费的支出/家庭总支出,反映农村居民的消费结构情况,% | 0.1938 | 0.1281 | 0.1612 | ||
| 农村居民人均住房面积 | 农村总住房面积/农村总人口,m2/人 | 0.0271 | 0.1654 | 0.0965 | ||
| 福利保障功能 | 农村居民受教育比例 | 农村受教育总人数(幼儿园、小学、中学)/乡村总人口,% | 0.2404 | 0.0278 | 0.1345 | |
| 农村居民每万人拥有病床位数 | 医院卫生院的总床位数/乡村总人口,病床数/万人 | 0.2737 | 0.2698 | 0.2717 | ||
| 生态功能 | 生态净化功能 | 农村居民人均农用化肥施用量 | 农用化肥施用量/乡村总人口,t/万人 | 0.2649 | 0.2153 | 0.2401 |
| 农村居民人均农药使用量 | 农药使用量/乡村总人口,t/万人 | 0.1553 | 0.0455 | 0.1004 | ||
| 生态供给功能 | 森林覆盖率 | 林地总面积/评价单元总面积,% | 0.0083 | 0.3811 | 0.1947 | |
| 农村居民人均水资源量 | 水资源总量/乡村总人口,亿m³/ 万人 | 0.5715 | 0.3581 | 0.4648 |
Tab. 2 The classification of coupling degree of rural production-living-ecological space function表2 乡村三生空间功能耦合度类型划分 |
| 耦合度 | 耦合类型 | 特征 |
|---|---|---|
| C∈[0,0.3] | 低耦合时期 | 乡村三生空间功能之间开始进行博弈,处于较低水平耦合时期,其中当C=0时,乡村三生空间功能之间处于无关状态且向无序发展。 |
| C∈(0.3,0.5] | 拮抗时期 | 乡村三生空间功能之间相互作用加强,出现乡村优势功能更强并占据其他乡村功能空间而其他功能不断衰弱的现象。 |
| C∈(0.5,0.8] | 磨合时期 | 乡村三生空间功能之间开始相互制衡、配合,呈现出良性耦合特征。 |
| C∈(0.8,1.0] | 协调耦合时期 | 乡村三生空间功能之间良性耦合愈强并逐渐向有序方向发展,处于高水平的协调耦合时期,其中当C=1.0时,乡村三生空间功能实现良性共振耦合且趋向新的有序结构。 |
Tab. 3 The classification of coupling coordinating degree of rural production-living-ecological space function表3 乡村三生空间功能耦合协调度类型划分 |
| 耦合协调度 | 耦合协调类型 | 特征 |
|---|---|---|
| D∈[0,0.2] | 严重失调 | 乡村生产功能过度发展,致使乡村生活、生态空间被严重挤压,乡村居住条件差,产生了一系列的生态问题 |
| D∈(0.2,0.4] | 中度失调 | 乡村生产功能仍然占据绝对的优势地位,乡村生活功能逐渐提升,由于乡村生活污染产生的生态问题开始凸显 |
| D∈(0.4,0.5] | 基本协调 | 乡村发展速度放缓,逐渐向集约高效的生产方式转化,开始注重对由于生活、生产活动所带来的生态问题进行修复 |
| D∈(0.5,0.8] | 中度协调 | 乡村生态修复取得了一定的成效,乡村整体人居环境得到了较大的改善 |
| D∈(0.8,1.0] | 高度协调 | 乡村三生空间功能相互促进,可以满足不同利益主体的需求,乡村空间系统实现有序发展 |
Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of the rural production-living-ecological space function coupling degree in 2005, 2010 and 2015图1 2005年、2010年、2015年重庆市乡村三生空间功能耦合度空间分布 |
Fig. 2 The evolution curve of rural production-living-ecological space function coupling degree in 2005, 2010 and 2015图2 2005年、2010年、2015年重庆市乡村三生空间功能耦合度演变曲线 |
Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of the rural production-living-ecological space function coupling coordinating degree in 2005, 2010 and 2015图3 2005年、2010年、2015年重庆市乡村三生空间功能耦合协调度空间分布 |
Fig. 4 The evolution curve of rural production-living-ecological space function coupling coordinating degree in 2005, 2010 and 2015图4 2005年、2010年、2015年重庆市乡村三生空间功能耦合协调度演变曲线 |
Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of the rural space function coupling degree between production and living, production and ecological, living and ecological in 2005, 2010, and 2015图5 2005年、2010年、2015年重庆市乡村“生产—生活”“生产—生态”“生活—生态”功能耦合度空间分布 |
Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of the rural space function coordinating degree between production and living, production and ecological, living and ecological in 2005, 2010, and 2015图6 2005年、2010年、2015年重庆市乡村“生产—生活”“生产—生态”“生活—生态”功能耦合协调度空间分布 |
Fig. 7 The evolution curve for the rural space function coupling degree between production and living, production and ecological, living and ecological in 2005, 2010, and 2015图7 2005年、2010年、2015年重庆市乡村“生产—生活”“生产—生态”“生活—生态”功能耦合度演变曲线 |
Fig. 8 The evolution curve for the rural space function coordinating degree between production and living, production and ecological, living and ecological in 2005, 2010, and 2015图8 2005年、2010年、2015年重庆市乡村“生产—生活”“生产—生态”“生活—生态”功能耦合协调度演变曲线 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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