Characteristics of economic evolution and the influencing factors of resource-dependent cities in China: The role of path dependence, vulnerability and path creation
Received date: 2017-11-15
Request revised date: 2018-05-06
Online published: 2018-07-30
Copyright
Taking 116 Chinese resource-dependent cities as research objects, this paper analyzes the economic evolution characteristics and path differentiation of resource-dependent cities from three aspects of path dependence, vulnerability and path creation. The econometric model is adopted to study the roles of the three aspects on economic growth and structure transition of resource-dependent cities, and the factors that affect the three aspects are also analyzed. The results are shown as follows: (1) Resource-dependent cities in northern China are of higher path dependence. Vulnerability of north and inland areas is generally higher, while path creation ability decreases from the coast to the inland. Some cities are of higher vulnerability and lower path creation, such as those of Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. (2) Evolution paths of China's resource-dependent cities can be divided into three types: the tendency to be lock-in, the tendency to unlock and random variation. (3)The effects of path dependence, vulnerability and path creation on economic growth and transition will differ under different macroeconomic circumstances: vulnerability is conducive to economic growth when macro-economy expands rapidly, and cities with strong path creativity are slower to grow. When Chinese economy enters the new normal stage, it presents that the path dependence and vulnerability would hinder the economic growth. (4) Path dependence and path creation are greatly affected by population scale and the proportion of state-owned enterprises. The level of vulnerability is mainly related to population agglomeration. The proportion of mining industry affects the path creation of resource-dependent industry, while the openness degree affects the path creation of non-resource industry. The north, inland and coal-dependent cities are prone to be of high path dependence. (5) The key of reducing path dependence and improving path creation is to upgrade population scale and decrease the proportion of state-owned enterprises. Population agglomeration and opening to the outside world are conducive to the decline of vulnerability and the promotion of path creativity. Different and targeted policies and measures should be implemented by taking into account the regions, resource types and evolutionary paths of resource-dependent cities.
MIAO Changhong , HU Zhiqiang , GENG Fengjuan , MIAO Jianming . Characteristics of economic evolution and the influencing factors of resource-dependent cities in China: The role of path dependence, vulnerability and path creation[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018 , 37(7) : 1268 -1281 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201807002
Fig. 1 A framework for analyzing economic evolution of resource-dependent cities图1 资源型城市经济演化的分析框架 |
Tab. 1 Definition of variables表1 变量定义 |
| 模型1 | 模型2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 因变量 | 自变量 | 因变量 | 自变量 | |
| 增长 | 路径依赖 | 路径依赖 | 产业结构 | |
| 转型 | 脆弱性 | 脆弱性 | 城市规模 | |
| 路径创造 | 路径创造 | 经济水平 | ||
| 经济水平 | 对外开放 | |||
| 对外开放 | 体制锁定 | |||
| 城市资源类型 | ||||
| 城市区位 | ||||
Fig. 2 Spatial pattern of path dependence in resource-dependent cities of China in 2000 and 2007图2 2000年、2007年资源型城市路径依赖程度的空间格局 |
Fig. 3 Spatial pattern of vulnerability in resource-dependent cities of China in 2000 and 2007图3 2000年、2007年资源型城市脆弱性的空间格局 |
Fig. 4 Spatial pattern of path creation in resource-dependent cities of China in 2000 and 2007图4 2000年、2007年资源型城市路径创造能力的空间格局 |
Tab. 2 Evolution path difference of resource-dependent cities in China during 2000-2007表2 2000-2007年资源型城市演化路径的分异 |
| 演化类型 | 城市名称 |
|---|---|
| 趋向锁定型 | 大同、阳泉、长治、忻州、吕梁、鞍山、鸡西、七台河、淮南、曲靖、丽江、宝鸡、渭南、延安、榆林、平凉、庆阳、克拉玛依 |
| 趋向解锁型 | 邢台、湖州、马鞍山、宜春、东营、焦作、石嘴山 |
| 随机变化型 | 其他资源型城市 |
Tab. 3 Regression results of economic growth and transformation of resource-dependent cities表3 资源型城市经济增长与转型的回归结果 |
| 增长 | 转型 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000-2007年 | 2008-2012年 | 2013-2015年 | 2000年 | 2007年 | ||
| RZI | -0.004 (-1.626) | 0.003 (1.216) | -0.006* (-1.965) | 0.873*** (11.605) | 0.574*** (6.328) | |
| RE | 0.075*** (3.710) | -0.024 (-0.766) | -0.081* (-1.812) | -1.022 (-1.461) | 1.190 (0.961) | |
| RV | 0.009 (0.811) | 0.008 (0.869) | 0.009 (0.680) | -0.626* (-1.927) | -0.916** (-2.603) | |
| UV | -0.018* (-1.657) | -0.023*** (-2.810) | 0.004 (0.358) | -0.486 (-1.549) | -0.021 (-0.065) | |
| lnRGDP | 0.002 (0.296) | -0.015** (-2.403) | -0.037*** (-4.175) | 0.033 (0.151) | 0.270 (1.140) | |
| FDI | -0.132 (-0.345) | 0.550** (2.424) | 0.322 (0.930) | 6.468 (0.630) | -3.332 (-0.379) | |
| constant | 0.158** (2.350) | 0.355*** (6.721) | 0.444*** (5.075) | 1.638 (0.933) | -3.332 (-0.379) | |
| R2 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0.68 | 0.62 | |
注:*、**、***分别表示在0.1、0.05、0.01水平上显著,括号内为t检验值。 |
Tab. 4 Regression results of evolution characteristics of resource-dependent cities表4 资源型城市经济演化特征的回归结果 |
| 2000年 | 2007年 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RZI | RE | RV | UV | RZI | RE | RV | UV | ||
| S | -- | -- | 0.008 (0.038) | -0.432*** (-2.911) | -- | -- | -0.445* (-1.742) | -0.263 (-1.085) | |
| lnPOP | -0.414 (-0.813) | 0.036 (0.544) | 0.387** (2.136) | 0.392** (2.505) | -1.533* (-1.999) | -0.172*** (-2.657) | 0.447** (2.390) | 0.674*** (3.797) | |
| lnRGDP | 0.798*** (2.708) | 0.125*** (3.238) | -0.125 (-1.304) | 0.121 (1.296) | 0.620* (1.657) | 0.102*** (3.228) | -0.115 (-1.270) | 0.023 (0.261) | |
| FDI | -0.553 (-0.035) | 1.567 (0.760) | 4.977 (1.191) | 9.109* (1.887) | -1.707 (-0.130) | -0.758 (-0.690) | 4.949 (1.594) | 6.112** (2.072) | |
| SOE | 1.167*** (2.996) | 0.054 (1.057) | -0.262 (-0.942) | 0.054 (0.441) | 7.842* (1.767) | 0.572 (1.545) | -2.604** (-2.444) | -2.414** (-2.386) | |
| TYPE | -1.082*** (-3.017) | -0.159*** (-3.379) | -0.203** (-2.064) | -0.060 (-0.532) | -2.188*** (-5.501) | -0.137*** (-4.122) | -0.144 (-1.352) | 0.006 (0.059) | |
| EW | -1.200** (-2.567) | -0.047 (-0.772) | 0.108 (0.830) | 0.385*** (2.628) | -1.158** (-2.292) | -0.065 (-1.551) | -0.022 (-0.182) | 0.340*** (2.926) | |
| SN | -1.121*** (-2.906) | -0.011 (-0.219) | -0.094 (-0.870) | -0.14 (-1.143) | -1.176** (-2.529) | -0.058 (-1.493) | -0.098 (-0.863) | -0.044 (-0.413) | |
| constant | -1.601 (-0.575) | -0.439 (-1.205) | 2.387** (2.581) | 1.220 (1.419) | 4.033 (1.016) | 0.135 (0.406) | 2.521*** (2.672) | 1.588* (1.772) | |
| R2 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.17 | 0.40 | |
注:*、**、***分别表示在0.1、0.05、0.01水平上显著,括号内为t检验值。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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