Research progress of urban-rural relations and its implications for rural revitalization
Received date: 2018-08-28
Request revised date: 2019-02-18
Online published: 2019-03-20
Copyright
With the implementation of rural vitalization strategy, China has stepped into a critical period with the dramatic changes of urban-rural relations and the accelerating transformation development of rural territorial system. Scientifically understanding the research progress of urban-rural relation theory and evolution rule is of great significance for boosting rural vitalization, narrowing urban-rural disparity, adjusting urban-rural structure and optimizing urban-rural patterns. This paper elaborates the research progress of urban-rural relations and rural development in China from the dimensions of economy, society, ecology and culture based on the review of foreign urban-rural relations and the characteristics of domestic rural development, as well as the evolution of urban-rural relation. Furthermore, prospect of research focus or key fields in the future were given. Firstly, transforming the development idea from productivism oriented to post-productivism oriented and attaching importance to the multiple values of rural areas should be emphasized. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out intensive studies about the mechanism, regional path selection and development mode of rural vitalization based on the theory of rural multiple function transition. Understanding the relationship of different functions is essential for dealing with rural decline and realizing the comprehensive vitalization. Meanwhile, we should focus on the mechanism and format of rural vitalization based on different territorial types. Against the context of rural-urban integrated development, we should promote the supply-side reform and activate the forces of socio-economic growth in underdeveloped areas. As for the developed rural areas, the “hybridity” should be emphasized and further studies should be conducted. In some rural areas, the phenomenon of the hybridity of development agents, the combination of production space and living space, the mixture of rurality and modernism have emerged. Accordingly, more emphasis should be placed on the heterogeneity and diversity in the process of rural restructuring. Secondly, with the emergence of new factors or new technologies, we should focus on the new morphology of rural development, such as characteristic towns, rural complex and “Taobao village”. In recent years, China's rural areas have undergone intensive restructuring motivated by e-commerce, which has triggered a new wave of rural rejuvenation. But how e-commerce affects rural development and the characteristics of this process are still unclear, and this is important for understanding the urban-rural relations under the context of informatization. Thirdly, the mechanism and format of urban-rural spatial restructuring should be emphasized. From the perspective of urban-rural interaction, the theory of urban-rural network may be practical and meaningful for optimizing the spatial distribution of infrastructure construction and industrial development. Lastly, creating or improving the theory and improving the path of rural vitalization according to the national conditions are meaningful for realizing the strategy.
Key words: urban-rural relations; rural vitalization; research progress; implications
ZHANG Yingnan , LONG Hualou , MA Li , TU Shuangshuang , CHEN Kunqiu . Research progress of urban-rural relations and its implications for rural revitalization[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019 , 38(3) : 578 -594 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020180880
Tab. 1 The evolution characteristics of China’s urban-rural relationship and rural development since 1949表1 1949年以来中国城乡关系及乡村发展的演进特征 |
| 时段 | 城乡关系 | 农业、农村政策、制度 | 乡村转型发展阶段 | 主要特征 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949—1978年 | “以乡促城”的城乡对立、隔离阶段(生产主义):重工业导向下的依靠农业剩余支持工业优先发展模式 | 人民公社制度、户籍管理制度、城镇居民生活必需品的计划供应制度、统包统配的劳动就业制度和城市的福利制度持续拉大城乡差距 | 1949—1953年 | 过渡时期,进行土地改革,实行耕者有其田,农民生产积极性开始复苏 |
| 1953—1958年 | 农业合作化,工农业剪刀差,城乡分割的二元经济体制形成 | |||
| 1958—1978年 | 人民公社化运动,自然灾害频发,城乡间人口大规模流动具有明显的政治和运动色彩,乡村人口向城市转移的进程缓慢 | |||
| 1978—2003年 | “以乡促城”快速发展阶段(生产主义):以经济建设为中心,国家主导的多种经济形态的共同发展,推动对外开放,释放经济发展活力 | 家庭联产承包责任制、乡镇企业集体经济制度、市场经济下的“剪刀差”、土地财政、双轨制 | 1978—1983年 | 实行家庭联产承包责任制,农产品统派统销逐步得到限制,有效释放了农村发展的活力,调动了农业生产的积极性,总体上城乡关系呈现比较协调的状态 |
| 1983—1996年 | 乡镇企业异军突起,促进了农业剩余劳动力转移和农业现代化;同时国家通过工农产品“剪刀差”、农业税、财政转移支付等方式使城乡发展失衡问题重新显现 | |||
| 1996—2003年 | “九五”规划提出推进城镇化快速发展。这一阶段以城乡发展要素的单向流动为主要特征 | |||
| 2003—至今 | 城乡统筹的协调发展阶段(后生产主义、乡村多功能):工业反哺农业、城市支持乡村 | 社会主义新农村建设、新型城镇化、美丽乡村建设、精准扶贫、乡村振兴 | 2003—2005年 | 十六届三中全会确立了统筹城乡发展的基本方略,逐步调整城乡关系 |
| 2005—2012年 | 十六届五中全会提出社会主义新农村建设方略;2006年正式取消农业税 | |||
| 2012—2017年 | 十八大提出新型城镇化、美丽乡村建设与精准扶贫方略 | |||
| 2017年—现今 | 十九大提出乡村振兴战略 |
Fig. 1 The nexus between optimizing urban-rural relations and rural vitalization图1 优化城乡关系与乡村振兴的联系 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
| [1] |
[
|
| [2] |
[
|
| [3] |
[
|
| [4] |
[
|
| [5] |
[
|
| [6] |
[
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
[
|
| [10] |
[
|
| [11] |
[
|
| [12] |
[
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
[
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
[
|
| [28] |
[
|
| [29] |
[
|
| [30] |
[
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
[
|
| [33] |
[
|
| [34] |
[
|
| [35] |
[
|
| [36] |
[
|
| [37] |
[
|
| [38] |
[
|
| [39] |
[
|
| [40] |
[
|
| [41] |
|
| [42] |
[
|
| [43] |
[
|
| [44] |
[
|
| [45] |
[
|
| [46] |
[
|
| [47] |
[
|
| [48] |
[
|
| [49] |
[
|
| [50] |
[
|
| [51] |
[
|
| [52] |
[
|
| [53] |
[
|
| [54] |
[
|
| [55] |
[
|
| [56] |
[
|
| [57] |
[
|
| [58] |
[
|
| [59] |
[
|
| [60] |
[
|
| [61] |
[
|
| [62] |
[
|
| [63] |
[
|
| [64] |
[
|
| [65] |
[
|
| [66] |
[
|
| [67] |
[
|
| [68] |
[
|
| [69] |
[
|
| [70] |
[
|
| [71] |
[
|
| [72] |
[
|
| [73] |
[
|
| [74] |
[
|
| [75] |
[
|
| [76] |
[
|
| [77] |
[
|
| [78] |
[
|
| [79] |
[
|
| [80] |
[
|
| [81] |
[
|
| [82] |
|
| [83] |
[
|
| [84] |
[
|
| [85] |
[
|
| [86] |
[
|
| [87] |
[
|
| [88] |
[
|
| [89] |
[
|
| [90] |
[
|
| [91] |
[
|
| [92] |
|
| [93] |
[
|
| [94] |
[
|
| [95] |
[
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |