China’s rural revitalization strategy and rural homestead system reform in the new period
Received date: 2018-09-02
Request revised date: 2019-01-30
Online published: 2019-03-20
Copyright
The rural revitalization strategy has been an important decision deployment to solve the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the new era. This paper puts forward the following points. (1) The basic path direction of rural revitalization strategy is to realize integrated development of urban and rural areas under rural differentiation principle; the main driving force is building urban-rural integration institutional system and reforming rural land system. (2) Rural revitalization is a dynamic process with flowing and choosing profession freely for urban-rural residents, utilizing efficiently rural resources and space, optimizing the pattern of town’s residential and industrial spaces, and investing continuously social and enterprise capital. While rural homestead system reform can promote the essential factors such as labor, land, industries and capital to flow and integrate quickly. So it can be the main grip for rural revitalization strategy. (3) Rural homestead system reform must achieve four goals, which are guaranteeing the residence right of peasants, controlling scale of rural homestead, endowing the property rights for peasants, and enlivening the usage rights of homestead. However, the pilot reform still has some argument points on the general approach that restrict the reform process. (4) Under the guidance of rural revitalization, rural homestead system reform should make greater breakthroughs on free flow of usage rights, use conversion of rural homestead, space replacement of homestead qualification right, and effective cohesion for qualification identifying and compensated use.
QIAO Luyin , LIU Yansui . China’s rural revitalization strategy and rural homestead system reform in the new period[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019 , 38(3) : 655 -666 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020180908
Fig. 1 The strategy goals and their logical relationship of rural revitalization图1 乡村振兴战略目标及其逻辑关系 |
Fig. 2 The driving force transformation and stage transition of rural development图2 乡村发展动力转换与阶段跃迁 |
Fig. 3 The relationship between rural homestead system reform and rural revitalization图3 宅基地制度改革促进乡村振兴的逻辑与机理 |
Tab. 1 The main measures and issues of pilot counties in different regions表1 不同地域类型区的试点县宅改措施与争论点 |
| 试点县 | 地域类型 | 主要措施 | 争论点与困惑 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 浙江省 义乌市 | 经济发达 地区 | ① 有偿使用:新审批的缴纳基础设施建设成本费;超标占地部分收缴有偿使用费;实行村内有偿调剂和有偿选位机制。② 有偿退出:闲置废弃和超占的整治后折合成“集地券”退还给村集体;非本集体成员占有的鼓励货币化退出。③ 三权分置:强化村集体的分配、规划、收益、监督等权利,落实所有权;资格权与人均占地挂钩,用地指标可进行调剂与转让;使用权可在全市范围内跨集体经济组织市场化转让,转让最高年限为70年,可以抵押贷款 | 义乌市的宅基地改革是在城市更新与乡村改造背景下进行的,目标导向是为城市和产业发展拓展空间。 争论点:落实新增人口的资格权将导致宅基地规模增加;未明确资格权的丧失情况;使用权及房屋财产权的继承与交易范围问题;安排产业用房,宅基地不能改变用途 |
| 四川省 泸县 | 传统农区 | ① 有偿使用:按人均50平的标准核算,节约有奖、超占有偿;分户新申请宅基地超标部分有偿使用;非本集体成员占有的有偿使用;明确申请资格,允许跨区域申请。② 有偿退出:明确有偿退出的4中类型;按宅基地和房屋分开补偿;对全部退出的农户提供住房保障;复垦后可用作指标交易或转为经营性用地上市。③ 村集体行使宅基地分配、收益、监督等权利,体现所有权;房屋可在全县范围内符合申请条件的成员间交易或出租 | 泸县宅改有两个特征:旧宅整治为耕地进行交易或转为经营性用地上市、允许农户跨区域申请宅基地实现集中居住。 争论点:按人核算用地面积,家庭人口变动对于核算有偿使用费操作麻烦;资格权丧失与使用权年限问题;旧宅整治为耕地指标交易的可持续性影响老百姓退出的积极性;使用权及房屋能否抵押 |
| 江西省 余江县 | 华中 丘陵区 | ① 有偿使用:新审批住房缴纳耕地占用税费;超标面积、一户多宅、非本集体成员占有的,按标准有偿使用;实行择位竞价机制。② 有偿退出:一户多宅与非本集体成员占有的实行有偿退出;户外厕所、倒塌房屋等无偿退出;全部退出的享受县城保障性住房政策。③ 三权分置:强化村集体的分配、规划、收益、监督等权利,落实所有权;资格权决定申请权,明确了资格认定与丧失;使用权可在全县范围内符合宅基地申请条件的成员流转,空闲宅基地可转变用途用于经营 | 余江县经济发展水平较低,宅基地改革的导向是保障农民居住需求,目标是集约用地和盘活资产。 争论点:农民收入较低,收取有偿使用费存在执行力问题;由村民理事会行使执行权,与村委会的权利边界如何界定;与资格权丧失相对应,使用权流转的年限问题;宅基地使用权及房屋产权能否抵押贷款 |
| 云南省 大理市 | 西南 山地区 | ① 有偿使用:占地超标、一户多宅、非本集体成员继承的,按标准有偿使用;新审批的缴纳土地取得费;用于经营的宅基地收取土地收益调节金。② 有偿退出:空心村闲置的、非本集体成员使用的、不符合规划的、保护区禁建范围内的宅基地实行有偿退出。③ 三权分置:强化村集体的分配、规划、收益、处置等权利,落实所有权;以户为单位核定资格权,保障农民居住权;使用权及房屋可自主经营或出租给外地人,可用于抵押担保 | 大理市的宅基地改革与乡村特色旅游相结合,注重宅基地的生产经营功能。 争论点:宅基地财产功能凸显,落实新增人口的宅基地权益可能会导致村庄用地规模增长;多宅部分和合法继承的祖宅能否进行修建;以户为单位核定资格权,家庭人员变动的财产分配问题 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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