Spatiotemporal variations of multi-scale drought and its influencing factors across the Loess Plateau from 1960 to 2016
Received date: 2019-01-28
Request revised date: 2019-06-02
Online published: 2019-07-12
Copyright
Clarifying the spatiotemporal changes of drought and its influencing factors is of vital importance to the construction of ecological engineering and the sustainable development of social economy in the Loess Plateau. Using the daily precipitation data of 59 meteorological stations in the Loess Plateau, this paper attempts to describe the temporal and spatial variation trends of drought in the region on multi-time scales during 1960-2016. Based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Sen+Mann-Kendall analysis, correlation analysis and other climate diagnosis methods, we analyzed the relationship between atmospheric circulation anomalies and drought variations. The results showed that: (1) The SPEI presented a downward trend in recent 57 years, showing a tendency from wet to dry. However, the change trend was not significant and the decline rate was only 0.032/10a. The significant drought trend occurred since the early 1970s and the late 1990s, the water-loggings were frequent during 1980s to the early 1990s. (2) The interannual SPEI (SPEI-12) indicated that there was a consistent drought trend in the whole Loess Plateau, the western part of Shanxi Province, the northern part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the central-eastern part of Gansu, Hohhot in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Huashan in Shaanxi Province, which showed an significant drought trend, while a wetting tendency was observed in northwest and southwest parts of the Loess Plateau, and the north of Henan Province, moreover the increasing trend was obvious in Jingtai in Gansu Province and Xining in Qinghai Province, with the trend coefficient being respectively 0.36/10a and 0.35/10a. (3) On the inter-seasonal scales, drought trends were found in three seasons except winter, among them summer and autumn were remarkable, the decline rate was similar, at 0.03/10a. In spatial variation, there existed a regional difference of seasonal drought trend. The variation trend of spring drought was consistent with the interannual variation, in autumn the drought trend covered a larger range, which accounted for 64.53% of the total study area, while in winter the scope of drought decreased and was non-significant, and only 33.29% of meteorological stations showed a trend of drought. (4) IOD, NAO, PDO, AMO and ENSO3.4 were the dominant influencing factors for annual and seasonal precipitation variability over the Loess Plateau, the influence had obvious characteristics of interannual and interdecadal phase transition. Multiple regression model indicates that IOD and NAO could well explain drought variations over the Loess Plateau, which accounted for 22.98% and 12.23% of drought, respectively, compared to ENSO3.4. Our results suggest that precipitation over the Loess Plateau has a good correlation with Southwest Monsoon.
SUN Yijie , LIU Xianfeng , REN Zhiyuan , LI Shuangshuang . Spatiotemporal variations of multi-scale drought and its influencing factors across the Loess Plateau from 1960 to 2016[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019 , 38(7) : 1820 -1832 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020190088
Fig. 1 Distribution of meteorological stations on the Loess Plateau图1 黄土高原地理位置及气象站点分布 |
Fig. 2 Interannual variations of SPEI-12 in the Loess Plateau during 1960 to 2016图2 1960—2016年黄土高原SPEI-12年际变化特征 |
Fig. 3 Interannual spatial distribution of SPEI-12 in the Loess Plateau from 1960 to 2016图3 1960—2016年黄土高原SPEI-12指数空间变化趋势 |
Fig. 4 Seasonal variations of SPEI-3 index in the Loess Plateau from 1960 to 2016图4 1960—2016年黄土高原SPEI-3指数季节变化特征 |
Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of seasonal trend in SPEI-3 in the Loess Plateau during 1960 to 2016图5 1960—2016黄土高原SPEI-3指数季节变化趋势 |
Fig. 6 10-year moving correlation coefficients between SPEI-1 and climate oscillation indices图6 SPEI-1与主要遥相关指数的年代际滑动相关系数 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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