Spatio-temporal differentiation and influencing factors of urban industrial pollution in China based on multi-scales: 2005-2015
Received date: 2018-05-13
Request revised date: 2018-09-21
Online published: 2019-08-20
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Industrial pollution, as one of the major issues closely related to human health, social progress and sustainable development, has drawn a great concern for global vision. This paper uses the methods of coefficient of variation, Theil index, EDSA and SDM model to analyze the spatio-temporal differentiation and the influencing factors of urban industrial pollution (UIP) in China from region-urban agglomeration-urban scales, aiming to provide reference for formulating environmental policies and promoting the development of ecological civilization. The results show that: (1) China's UIP index was declining in fluctuations in 2005-2015, but the overall inequality presented an expanding trend. The industrial pollution index respectively presented the features of "high in the east and low in the west, clustering, and grade-difference" at the regional, urban agglomeration, and urban scales, and the pollution difference of each scale was significant. The gravity center curve of UIP was biased towards the east and showed a southward shift. (2) China's UIP types had transferred from simple shift to complex shift. The pollution pattern of "Eastern>Central>Northeast>West" remained unchanged at regional scale. Urban agglomeration-scale pollution exhibited a pattern of transition from north to south and from inside to outside. Urban-scale pollution presented an evolutionary pattern of shrinking from the center to the periphery and fragmentation to concentration distribution, and it had a certain spatial dependence. (3) There were differences in the influencing factors of industrial pollution at multi-scales. Urbanization rate and industrial structure had significant effects on industrial pollution at the three scales, population density, energy intensity and environmental regulatory intensity, which all had significant impact on industrial pollution at regional and urban scales, the level of industrial development and foreign capital only had significant influence on industrial pollution at regional scale, while the level of science and technology had no significant impact on industrial pollution at the three scales. Finally, we put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the UIP emissions.
LI Hua , ZHAO Xueyan , WANG Weijun , XUE Bing . Spatio-temporal differentiation and influencing factors of urban industrial pollution in China based on multi-scales: 2005-2015[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019 , 38(8) : 1993 -2007 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020180480
表1 影响因素指标及定义解释Tab. 1 Indicators and definitions of influencing factors |
| 指标 | 定义 | 代码 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 因变量 | Y:工业污染指数 | 工业废水、SO2及工业烟粉尘排放量加权得出 | Plu |
| 自变量 | X1:城市化水平 | 年末非农人口/总人口(%) | Urb |
| X2:人口密度 | 年末总人口/行政国土面积(人/km2) | Pop | |
| X3:工业发展水平 | 工业产值/年末总人口(元/人) | Idp | |
| X4:产业结构 | 工业产值/GDP(%) | Ind | |
| X5:外资水平 | 实际利用外资额/GDP(%) | Ope | |
| X6:科技水平 | 科技支出/财政支出(‰) | Tec | |
| X7:能源强度 | 工业用电量/工业总产值(万kW·h/亿元) | Eng | |
| X8:环境管制强度 | 环保投资额/GDP(%) | Inv |
表2 基于大区及城市群尺度的SDM模型参数估计结果Tab. 2 Estimation results of SDM model parameters based on multi-scales |
| lnUrb | lnPop | lnIdp | lnInd | lnOpe | lnTec | lnEng | lnInv | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 东部 | 0.051 | 0.08 | 0.071 | 0.381*** | 0.025 | -0.01 | 0.127*** | -0.093*** |
| 东北 | -0.023 | 0.184 | 0.333** | -0.301 | 0.117** | 0.099 | 0.039 | -0.029 |
| 中部 | -0.105** | 0.195** | 0.05 | 0.214 | -0.094** | -0.014 | 0.033 | 0.032 |
| 西部 | 0.036 | 0.203** | 0.027 | 0.04 | 0.013 | 0.001 | -0.004 | 0.044 |
| 城市群 | -0.556** | 0.151 | -0.145 | -0.451** | -0.044 | 0.016 | 0.068 | -0.037 |
| 城市 | 0.039 | 0.132 *** | 0.053 | 0.184 *** | -0.007 | 0.001 | 0.028** | -0.056*** |
| W×lnUrb | W×lnPop | W×lnIdp | W×lnInd | W×lnOpe | W×lnTec | W×lnEng | W×lnInv | |
| 东部 | -0.444*** | -0.093 | -0.031 | 0.211 | 0.099** | 0.017 | -0.088 | -0.057* |
| 东北 | -0.861 | 0.384 | -0.396** | -0.378 | -0.147** | 0.005 | 0.125 | -0.002 |
| 中部 | 0.067 | -0.155 | 0.043 | -0.755*** | -0.027 | 0.09 | -0.118*** | 0.046 |
| 西部 | -0.243*** | -0.281*** | -0.117 | -0.604*** | 0.022 | -0.081 | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| 城市群 | -0.501 | -0.293 | 0.129 | 0.932 | 0.022 | 0.063 | -0.068 | 0.087 |
| 城市 | 0.178 *** | -0.104* | 0.088 | -0.272** | 0.001 | 0.016 | 0.028 | -0.034 ** |
注:***、**、*分别表示0.01、0.05和0.1的显著性水平;W×lnX表示各因子的空间溢出效应。 |
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