Global geopolitical pattern on science & technology from the perspective of intellectual property trade
Received date: 2018-07-26
Request revised date: 2018-10-11
Online published: 2019-09-11
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The transformation of the global production networks into global innovation networks has made the interdependence of countries gradually shift from the trade investments between countries to the asymmetric dependence formed in knowledge cooperation and technology transfer. The profound changes in the logic of geopolitics have resulted in the fact that the core sources of state power have evolved from military strength in the colonial era to economic strength in the era of trade, and to scientific and technological strength in the era of knowledge. The key to the rise of China lies in the rise of science & technology. Looking back at China’s scientific and technological development, we can find that there has never been a shortage of “containment” and “blockade”, from the “Paris Coordinating Committee” to the “Wassenaar Arrangement”, to today’s “ZTE Incident”. No country can compare the technical blockade faced by China, and China’s technological development path is also more rugged than that of any other country. In the international environment where technology is currently targeted and blocked, how to construct a global innovation network led by China and scientifically formulate geo-scientific strategies for China are the primary topics for research under the future of innovative geography and geopolitics. Based on this, we, taking the imports and exports of intellectual property rights among countries in the world from 2001 to 2015 as the data source, studied the network structure and pattern of the global intellectual property trade, and discussed the space-time evolution pattern of the global science and technology system. The following conclusions were drawn as follows. Firstly, the global intellectual property trading network is markedly polarized. It is a typical small-world network, with a hierarchical hierarchy of pyramid structure. The “central-periphery” pattern with the United States as the core is continuously consolidated. Secondly, the asymmetric dependence of global intellectual property trade based on sensitivity and vulnerability models further verifies that the United States is the core of the global geo-scientific and technological landscape, and its core position is continuously consolidated and strengthened.
DUAN Dezhong , DU Debin , CHEN Ying . Global geopolitical pattern on science & technology from the perspective of intellectual property trade[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019 , 38(9) : 2115 -2128 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020180789
表1 2001—2015年分时段全球知识产权贸易网络统计特征量Tab. 1 Statistics of complexity of global intellectual property trade network from 2001 to 2015 |
| 统计特征 | 统计指标 | 2001—2005年 | 2006—2010年 | 2011—2015年 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 网络规模 | 节点数 | 132 | 176 | 168 |
| 边数 | 993 | 1334 | 877 | |
| 密度 | 0.120 | 0.087 | 0.063 | |
| 网络直径 | 4(5) | 4(4) | 4(5) | |
| 小世界性 | 平均聚类系数 | 0.780(0.055) | 0.825(0.046) | 0.781(0.045) |
| 平均路径长度 | 2.028(2.816) | 2.006(2.613) | 2.097(2.656) | |
| 无标度性 | 度中心性幂律拟合 | y=1644.5x-1.467 R2=0.7813 | y=2586.2x-1.512 R2=0.8224 | y=1067.7x-1.36 R2=0.9013 |
| 度中心性指数拟合 | y=75.821e-0.04x R2=0.9367 | y=61.574e-0.029x R2=0.8917 | y=35.902e-0.027x R2=0.9025 | |
| 强度中心性幂律拟合 | y=6E+15x-5.111 R2=0.7545 | y=2E+17x-5.81 R2=0.7794 | y=2E+16x-5.112 R2=0.7478 | |
| 强中心性指数拟合 | y=2E+11e-0.147x R2=0.9924 | y=2E+11e-0.122x R2=0.9899 | y=2E+11e-0.115x R2=0.9888 | |
| 度中心性 | 平均度中心性 | 15.395 | 15.159 | 10.440 |
| 变异系数 | 1.281 | 1.504 | 1.739 | |
| 基尼系数 | 0.628 | 0.679 | 0.686 | |
| 强度中心性 | 平均强度中心性 | 74.483 | 109.355 | 110.365 |
| 变异系数 | 4.445 | 4.531 | 5.556 | |
| 基尼系数 | 0.913 | 0.922 | 0.928 | |
| 邻近中心性 | 平均邻近中心性 | 0.503 | 0.505 | 0.484 |
| 变异系数 | 0.148 | 0.121 | 0.126 | |
| 基尼系数 | 0.078 | 0.056 | 0.061 | |
| 介数中心性 | 平均介数中心性 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| 变异系数 | 6.042 | 8.910 | 7.548 | |
| 基尼系数 | 0.947 | 0.973 | 0.968 |
注:括号内为同等规模随机网络的统计特征值,随机网络是基于Gephi软件,用同一时段相同节点数,按0.05的连接率生成。 |
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