Spatial-temporal characteristics and the influencing factors of the ride destination of bike sharing in Guangzhou city
Received date: 2019-01-28
Request revised date: 2019-03-14
Online published: 2019-12-25
Copyright
Since the emergence of dockless bike sharing in China, it has provided convenience and non-motorized travel mode for residents' short distance trips. Bike sharing plays an important role in improving the accessibility of public transportation and reducing the motorized pollution. At the same time, it also brings out urban issues, such as excessive amount of bike sharing, and mismatch between supply and demand of bike sharing. The main reason for these problems is the lack of accurate prediction and effective scheduling for bike sharing ride. Exploring the spatial and temporal characteristics of bike sharing ride and detecting the influencing factors can provide scientific decision-making basis for precise prediction and effective scheduling of bike sharing. Even though some studies have paid attention to the influencing factors of bike-sharing ride behaviors, most of them focused on the starting point but neglected the destination. Moreover, the temporal difference of influencing factors and the interaction between the factors were seldom revealed in the previous studies. Taking mobike in Guangzhou city as an example, this study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the ride destination of bike sharing. We detect the temporal differences of the influencing factors of bike sharing ride destination, and further explores the interaction between the determinants by using geographical detector. The results show that: (1) The usage of bike sharing in morning-peak time is greater than that in evening-peak time, and the spatial distribution of bike sharing ride destination has obvious temporal differences. The ride destinations of bike sharing at morning peak period are mainly distributed at CBD, zone of information industry and job-housing balance areas. While the ride destinations at evening peak period are mainly distributed along Metro Line 3 from Tiyuxi station to Huashi station as well as high-density residential areas. (2) The element of service facilities has the greatest impacts on the ride destinations of bike sharing, followed by the accessibility, land use and natural environment elements. To be more specifically, the influencing degree of the factors ranks as follows: residential communities distribution, catering facilities distribution, corporate distribution, shopping facilities distribution, road density, distance to metro station entrances and POI diversity. (3) The influence of each factor has remarkable temporal differences, for example, the influence of corporate distribution factor grows rapidly during the morning peak period. (4) The interaction effect of any two factors on the ride destinations of bike sharing is greater than the effect of one single factor. Among them, the interaction effect of factors which belong to service facilities elements are the greatest, followed by the interaction effects between factors of service facilities and accessibility.
GAO Feng , LI Shaoying , WU Zhifeng , LV Dijiang , HUANG Guanping , LIU Xiaoping . Spatial-temporal characteristics and the influencing factors of the ride destination of bike sharing in Guangzhou city[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019 , 38(12) : 2859 -2872 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020190081
表1 共享单车骑行目的地分布的影响因子选取Tab. 1 Description of influencing factors of bike sharing destinations |
| 类别 | 因子 | 均值 | 标准差 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自然环境影响因子 | 高程(m) | 156.45 | 108.71 | |
| 坡度(°) | 3.19 | 4.20 | ||
| 距河流距离(m) | 3 023.59 | 3 291.31 | ||
| 气温(℃) | 30.13 | 2.28 | ||
| 建成环境影响因子 | 交通可达因子 | 距地铁站出口距离(m) | 1 329.95 | 1 159.92 |
| 距普通公交站距离(m) | 324.50 | 321.90 | ||
| 距BRT公交站距离(m) | 6 041.07 | 3 769.47 | ||
| 路网密度(km/km²) | 6.63 | 5.72 | ||
| 土地利用因子 | POI多样性 | 0.70 | 0.64 | |
| 建筑高度(floor) | 4.78 | 5.16 | ||
| 服务设施因子 | 购物设施分布密度(/km²) | 4.64 | 6.95 | |
| 餐饮设施分布密度(/km²) | 67.08 | 99.90 | ||
| 住宅分布密度(/km²) | 13.82 | 21.98 | ||
| 公司企业分布密度(/km²) | 111.94 | 169.50 | ||
图3 共享单车骑行目的地分布因子探测结果注:折线参考左纵坐标,柱状图参考右纵坐标 Fig. 3 Detection results of bike sharing destination |
表2 共享单车骑行目的地分布因子类别探测结果Tab. 2 Detection results of factor categories of bike sharing destination |
| 因子类别 | 早高峰(7-9时) | 晚高峰(17-19时) | 其他时段 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| q值 | q排序 | q值 | q排序 | q值 | q排序 | |||
| 自然环境因子 | 0.092 | 4 | 0.083 | 4 | 0.096 | 4 | ||
| 交通可达因子 | 0.312 | 2 | 0.322 | 2 | 0.265 | 2 | ||
| 土地利用因子 | 0.255 | 3 | 0.275 | 3 | 0.234 | 3 | ||
| 服务设施因子 | 0.541 | 1 | 0.580 | 1 | 0.495 | 1 | ||
表3 共享单车骑行目的地分布因子探测结果Tab. 3 Detection results of potential determinants of bike sharing destination |
| 因子 | 早高峰(7-9时) | 晚高峰(17-19时) | 其他时段 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| q值 | q排序 | q值 | q排序 | q值 | q排序 | ||||
| 自然环境因子 | 高程 | 0.056 | 13 | 0.048 | 13 | 0.054 | 13 | ||
| 坡度 | 0.039 | 14 | 0.039 | 14 | 0.035 | 14 | |||
| 距水体距离 | 0.148 | 11 | 0.131 | 11 | 0.141 | 11 | |||
| 气温 | 0.124 | 12 | 0.114 | 12 | 0.155 | 10 | |||
| 交通可达因子 | 距地铁站口距离 | 0.366 | 6 | 0.388 | 6 | 0.321 | 6 | ||
| 距普通公交站距离 | 0.152 | 10 | 0.146 | 10 | 0.133 | 12 | |||
| 距BRT站距离 | 0.285 | 8 | 0.282 | 8 | 0.216 | 8 | |||
| 路网密度 | 0.443 | 5 | 0.471 | 5 | 0.391 | 5 | |||
| 土地利用因子 | POI多样性 | 0.292 | 7 | 0.316 | 7 | 0.278 | 7 | ||
| 建筑高度 | 0.218 | 9 | 0.235 | 9 | 0.190 | 9 | |||
| 服务设施因子 | 购物服务 | 0.480 | 4 | 0.535 | 3 | 0.482 | 3 | ||
| 餐饮服务 | 0.544 | 2 | 0.601 | 2 | 0.508 | 2 | |||
| 住宅小区 | 0.616 | 1 | 0.680 | 1 | 0.571 | 1 | |||
| 公司企业 | 0.523 | 3 | 0.505 | 4 | 0.422 | 4 | |||
表4 早高峰共享单车骑行目的地分布交互探测结果Tab. 4 Interactive exploration of bike sharing destination at morning peak hour |
| 周二8时(到达量最小的早高峰) | 周五8时(到达量最大的早高峰) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 排序 | 主导交互因子 | q值 | 交互结果 | 排序 | 主导交互因子 | q值 | 交互结果 | |
| 1 | 公司企业分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7740 | 双因子增强 | 1 | 公司企业分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7282 | 双因子增强 | |
| 2 | 路网密度∩公司企业分布 | 0.7171 | 双因子增强 | 2 | 餐饮设施分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7076 | 双因子增强 | |
| 3 | 住宅小区分布∩距BRT站距离 | 0.7077 | 双因子增强 | 3 | 路网密度∩餐饮设施分布 | 0.7007 | 双因子增强 | |
| 4 | 路网密度∩餐饮设施分布 | 0.6982 | 双因子增强 | 4 | 购物设施分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.6949 | 双因子增强 | |
| 5 | 公司企业分布∩距BRT站距离 | 0.6979 | 双因子增强 | 5 | 住宅小区分布∩距BRT站距离 | 0.6846 | 双因子增强 | |
| 6 | 餐饮设施分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.6923 | 双因子增强 | 6 | 距河流距离∩住宅小区分布 | 0.6779 | 双因子增强 | |
| 7 | 餐饮设施分布∩公司企业分布 | 0.6860 | 双因子增强 | 7 | 住宅小区分布∩时均气温 | 0.6664 | 双因子增强 | |
| 8 | 路网密度∩住宅小区分布 | 0.6672 | 双因子增强 | 8 | 路网密度∩住宅小区分布 | 0.6618 | 双因子增强 | |
| 9 | 购物设施分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.6653 | 双因子增强 | 9 | 餐饮设施分布∩公司企业分布 | 0.6613 | 双因子增强 | |
| 10 | 距地铁站出口距离∩公司企业分布 | 0.6614 | 双因子增强 | 10 | 路网密度∩购物设施分布 | 0.6579 | 双因子增强 | |
注:设因子X1与X2交互后影响力为q(X1∩X2),若q(X1∩X2)>q(X1)+q(X2),为非线性增强;若q(X1∩X2)=q(X1)+q(X2),两因子独立;若q(X1∩X2)>Max(q(X1),q(X2)),为双因子增强;若Min(q(X1),q(X2))<q(X1∩X2)<Max(q(X1),q(X2)),为单因子非线性减弱;若q(X1∩X2)<Min(q(X1),q(X2)),为非线性减弱。 |
表5 晚高峰共享单车骑行目的地分布交互探测结果Tab. 5 Interactive exploration of bike sharing destination at evening peak hour |
| 周一18时(到达量最大的晚高峰) | 周四18时(到达量最小的晚高峰) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 排序 | 主导交互因子 | q值 | 交互结果 | 排序 | 主导交互因子 | q值 | 交互结果 | |
| 1 | 餐饮设施分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7804 | 双因子增强 | 1 | 餐饮设施分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7714 | 双因子增强 | |
| 2 | 公司企业分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7739 | 双因子增强 | 2 | 公司企业分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7600 | 双因子增强 | |
| 3 | 购物设施分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7664 | 双因子增强 | 3 | 购物设施分布∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7543 | 双因子增强 | |
| 4 | 住宅小区分布∩距BRT站距离 | 0.7590 | 双因子增强 | 4 | 路网密度∩餐饮设施分布 | 0.7499 | 双因子增强 | |
| 5 | 路网密度∩餐饮设施分布 | 0.7549 | 双因子增强 | 5 | 住宅小区分布∩距BRT站距离 | 0.7404 | 双因子增强 | |
| 6 | 住宅小区分布∩时均气温 | 0.7397 | 双因子增强 | 6 | 住宅小区分布∩时均气温 | 0.7205 | 双因子增强 | |
| 7 | 路网密度∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7341 | 双因子增强 | 7 | 距河流距离∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7095 | 双因子增强 | |
| 8 | 距河流距离∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7324 | 双因子增强 | 8 | 路网密度∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7087 | 双因子增强 | |
| 9 | 距地铁站出口距离∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7306 | 双因子增强 | 9 | 距地铁站出口距离∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7072 | 双因子增强 | |
| 10 | 高程∩住宅小区分布 | 0.7164 | 双因子增强 | 10 | 路网密度∩购物设施分布 | 0.6949 | 双因子增强 | |
注:设因子X1与X2交互后影响力为q(X1∩X2),若q(X1∩X2)>q(X1)+q(X2),为非线性增强;若q(X1∩X2)=q(X1)+q(X2),两因子独立;若q(X1∩X2)>Max(q(X1),q(X2)),为双因子增强;若Min(q(X1),q(X2))<q(X1∩X2)<Max(q(X1),q(X2)),为单因子非线性减弱;若q(X1∩X2)<Min(q(X1),q(X2)),为非线性减弱。 |
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