The spatial pattern of urban production-living-ecological space quality and its related factors in China
Received date: 2018-09-17
Request revised date: 2019-09-03
Online published: 2020-03-20
Copyright
As the main carrier of population and socio-economic activities, cities are also the places that accumulate the problems from production, living and ecological activities. In order to evaluate the quality of urban production-living-ecological space, this paper develops an evaluation index system based on its theoretical framework, and then analyses the overall characteristics and spatial distribution of the production-living-ecological space quality. Moreover, this paper explores the factors that may affect the quality of urban production-living-ecological space. Using data from 289 prefecture-level cities and above in China in 2015, we find that: (1) the urban production-living-ecological spatial quality is generally at a low level and decreases from the southeast coastal areas to the west and northeast inland areas. (2) The quality levels of production space in the northeast region and living space in the western region are significantly lower than those of other parts of China, and the quality level of ecological space depends on local natural ecology and pollution control. (3) While the quality levels of production and living spaces have a significantly positive correlation, the quality levels of production and ecological spaces show an opposite trend in quite a number of cities. (4) The urban production-living-ecological space quality is associated with the population size and administrative level in an inverted U shape. Specifically, cities with a population size between 10 million and 15 million are more conducive to improve the quality level of production-living-ecological space. Urban production-living-ecological space quality is positively associated with per capita GDP, and cities with comprehensive functions or located in urban clusters have a higher level of production-living-ecological space quality. The above conclusions provide important policy implications for deepening and implementing the planning of China's major function oriented zoning, regional development planning, and even the comprehensive spatial planning under construction from the perspective of production-living-ecological space, as well as directive guidance for urban development strategy and overall planning in different regions. On the whole, the optimization potential of urban production-living-ecological space should be fully released, especially more attention should be paid to the coordination of production-living-ecological space. Different regions should take overall consideration and make up for the shortcomings based on actual conditions respectively.
LIU Pengfei , SUN Bindong . The spatial pattern of urban production-living-ecological space quality and its related factors in China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020 , 39(1) : 13 -24 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020180953
表1 城市“三生”空间优化评估指标体系Tab. 1 Assessment indicator system of urban production-living-ecological space optimization |
| 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 三级指标(单位) | 指标性质 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 生产空间质量指数 (PQI) | 投入集约 | 单位城市建设用地二三产业就业人数(人/km2) | 正向 |
| 单位城市建设用地固定资产投资额(亿元/km2) | 正向 | ||
| 单位城市建设用地研发经费投入(亿元/km2) | 正向 | ||
| 单位城市建设用地R&D从业人员(人/km2) | 正向 | ||
| 单位城市建设用地在校大学生+教师数(人/km2) | 正向 | ||
| 产出高效 | 单位城市建设用地二三产业增加值(亿元/km2) | 正向 | |
| 二三产业增长率(%) | 正向 | ||
| 单位城市建设用地财政收入(亿元/km2) | 正向 | ||
| 财政收入增长率(%) | 正向 | ||
| 单位城市建设用地专利数(个/km2) | 正向 | ||
| 专利数增长率(%) | 正向 | ||
| 单位城市建设用地新登记注册企业(个/km2) | 正向 | ||
| 新登记注册企业增长率(%) | 正向 | ||
| 生活空间质量指数 (LQI) | 舒适性 | 人均住房面积(㎡/人) | 正向 |
| 燃气普及率(%) | 正向 | ||
| 用水普及率(%) | 正向 | ||
| 便捷性 | 城镇路网密度(km2/km2) | 正向 | |
| 每万人拥有公共汽车数量(辆) | 正向 | ||
| 每万人拥有轨道交通线路长度(km) | 正向 | ||
| 互联网普及率(%) | 正向 | ||
| 公平性 | 每万人拥有学校数(个) | 正向 | |
| 每万人拥有医生数(人) | 正向 | ||
| 每万人拥有病床数(个) | 正向 | ||
| 城乡收入差距 | 负向 | ||
| 安全性 | 社会保险覆盖率(%) | 正向 | |
| 每万人拥有派出所数(个) | 正向 | ||
| 每万人拥有紧急避难场所(个) | 正向 | ||
| 刑事案件发生率(%) | 负向 | ||
| 每万人火灾发生数(次) | 负向 | ||
| 每万人交通事故死伤人数(人) | 负向 | ||
| 健康性 | BMI | 负向 | |
| 人均预期寿命(岁) | 正向 | ||
| 婴儿死亡率(%) | 负向 | ||
| 孕产妇死亡率(%) | 负向 | ||
| 甲乙类传染病发病率(%) | 负向 | ||
| 生态空间质量指数 (EQI) | 增绿 | 建成区绿化覆盖率(%) | 正向 |
| 人均公园绿地面积(hm2) | 正向 | ||
| 减污 | 万元 GDP 能耗(t标准煤) | 负向 | |
| 万元 GDP 废气排放量(t/万元) | 负向 | ||
| 万元 GDP 废水排放量(t/万元) | 负向 | ||
| 万元 GDP 固体废物排放量(t/万元) | 负向 | ||
| 万元 GDP二氧化硫排放量(t/万元) | 负向 | ||
| PM2.5浓度(%) | 负向 | ||
| 污水处理厂集中处理率(%) | 正向 | ||
| 生活垃圾无公害化处理率(%) | 正向 | ||
| 工业固体废弃物综合利用率(%) | 正向 | ||
| 防灾 | 热岛效应指数(℃) | 负向 | |
| 城市内涝指数 | 负向 |
图7 综合型和资源型城市的“三生”空间质量比较Fig. 7 Comparison of production-living-ecological space quality indexes between functional comprehensive cities and resource-based cities in China |
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