The development of COVID-19 in China: Spatial diffusion and geographical pattern
Received date: 2019-04-19
Request revised date: 2020-06-14
Online published: 2020-09-20
Copyright
The study of the spatial diffusion and geographical mode of COVID-19 is of great significance for the rational allocation of health resources, the management and response of public health emergencies, and the improvement of public health system in the future. Based on multiple spatio-temporal scale, this paper studied the spatial spreading process of COVID-19 between cities and its evolution characteristics in China, and then explored its influencing factors. The results are shown in the following: the inter-city spreading process of COVID-19 in China mainly experienced six stages, namely, stage I: diffusion in Wuhan, stage II: rapid multi-point diffusion in space, stage III: rapid increase of confirmed cases, stage IV : gradual decrease of new confirmed cases, stage V: the epidemic under control, and stage VI: cases imported from overseas. In the context of globalization and open regional system, the social and economic development of regions are closely related to each other. With the development of fast and convenient high-speed railway network, the spatial characteristic of population migration shows a cross-regional and hierarchical pattern, and forms a certain spatial cascade structure along the transport corridor. Accordingly, the spatial spread of COVID-19 mainly showsthe characteristics of adjacent diffusion, relocation diffusion, hierarchical diffusion, and corridor diffusion. The study found that geographical proximity, population migration and population size, traffic network, epidemic prevention and control measures have significant influence on the spatial diffusion process of COVID-19. Among different modes of transportation, airplanes play agreater role than others in the early stage of the epidemic. In addition, the population flow during the Spring Festival had a certain impact on the spread of the epidemic. In conclusion, to some extent, the spatial spread process and pattern of COVID-19 epidemic reflects the spatial organization pattern of social and economic activities under the "space of flows" network, which is closely related to the geographical proximity, the social and economic linkages between regions, and the spatial an temporal patterns of human activities. From the perspective of geography, this paper analyzed the inter-city spread pattern of COVID-19 epidemic and provided some implications for prevention and control measures against the epidemic in other countries, and also offered some suggestions for China to deal with public health emergency risks in the future.
Key words: epidemic; geographical proximity; diffusion; population flow; transport
WANG Jiaoe , DU Delin , WEI Ye , YANG Haoran . The development of COVID-19 in China: Spatial diffusion and geographical pattern[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020 , 39(7) : 1450 -1462 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020200329
图4 湖北省疫情分布(截至4月8日)及首例确诊时间注:除武汉外,湖北省其他城市首例确诊时间均为2020年1月。 Fig. 4 Total confirmed cases as of 8 April and the time of first confirmed case of the cities in Hubei province |
表1 湖北省和其他地区疫情前10位城市(截至4月8日)Tab. 1 Top 10 cities with cumulative confirmed cases in Hubei province and other regions (as of 8 April) |
| 位序 | 湖北省 | 其他地区 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 城市 | 累计病例(例) | 城市 | 累计病例(例) | ||
| 1 | 武汉 | 50008 | 北京 | 588 | |
| 2 | 孝感 | 3518 | 重庆 | 579 | |
| 3 | 黄冈 | 2907 | 上海 | 552 | |
| 4 | 荆州 | 1580 | 温州 | 504 | |
| 5 | 鄂州 | 1394 | 广州 | 467 | |
| 6 | 随州 | 1307 | 深圳 | 456 | |
| 7 | 襄阳 | 1175 | 哈尔滨 | 325 | |
| 8 | 黄石 | 1015 | 信阳 | 274 | |
| 9 | 宜昌 | 931 | 杭州 | 266 | |
| 10 | 荆门 | 928 | 济宁 | 260 | |
表2 2020年春节前武汉迁出人口在湖北省和其他地区的前10位城市Tab. 2 The top 10 cities inside and outside Hubei province by migrant population from Wuhan before the Spring Festival of 2020 |
| 位序 | 湖北省 | 其他地区 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 城市 | 占比(%) | 城市 | 占比(%) | ||
| 1 | 孝感 | 13.80 | 信阳 | 1.49 | |
| 2 | 黄冈 | 13.04 | 重庆 | 1.27 | |
| 3 | 荆州 | 6.54 | 长沙 | 1.02 | |
| 4 | 咸宁 | 5.01 | 北京 | 0.86 | |
| 5 | 鄂州 | 3.97 | 南阳 | 0.69 | |
| 6 | 襄阳 | 3.93 | 上海 | 0.66 | |
| 7 | 黄石 | 3.77 | 驻马店 | 0.66 | |
| 8 | 荆门 | 3.30 | 郑州 | 0.59 | |
| 9 | 随州 | 3.21 | 九江 | 0.52 | |
| 10 | 仙桃 | 2.97 | 岳阳 | 0.52 | |
表3 疫情扩散与人口流动和交通的Pearson相关性Tab. 3 Pearson correlation of COVID-19 with population mobility and transportation |
| 疫情扩散 | 人口流动和规模 | 与武汉联系交通网络 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 武汉迁出人口 | 城市人口规模 | 航空运输 | 高铁列车 | 长途汽车 | ||
| 累计确诊病例 | 0.968** | 0.210** | 0.437** | 0.443** | 0.631** | |
| 首例确诊时间 | -0.115* | -0.171** | -0.532** | -0.250** | -0.086 | |
注:*、**分别表示在0.05、0.01水平上显著(双尾);累计确诊病例截至4月8日;时间尺度以1月19日(武汉之外最先出现确诊病例的时间)为1,此后逐日加1。 |
真诚感谢二位匿名评审专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力,评审专家对本文的时间节点选取、结果分析以及结论梳理方面的修改意见,使本文获益匪浅。
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