Planning strategy of land and space ecological restoration under the framework of man-land system coupling: Take the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example
Received date: 2020-05-15
Request revised date: 2020-09-02
Online published: 2020-11-20
Copyright
Ecological restoration of land space is an important measure to promote stability, pattern optimization, and function enhancement of the land space system. Its essence is to reconcile the relationship between people and nature and promote the harmonious coexistence of both sides. Under the background of the implementation of major projects of ecological restoration of land and space, constructing a scientific and reasonable planning strategy oriented to regional development and public needs is a research hotspot in the fields of geography and ecology. Man-land system coupling is the theoretical basis of land space ecological restoration planning. Therefore, this article studies and reviews the difference from traditional ecological restoration planning (TERP) to land space ecological restoration planning (LSERP) under the framework of man-land system coupling. In terms of planning, the TERP is guided by the restoration of ecological system problems, focusing on single-element discrete restoration; the LSERP is based on the "mountain, forest, field, lake and grassland" life community, highlighting the organic integration of ecological processes and space. TERP and LSERP have also undergone significant changes in planning goals, nature, objects, technological paths, scales and policy mechanisms. Taking the typical area with prominent man-land contradiction--the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as a case, this article analyzes the prominent problems and situations faced by the Greater Bay Area from the perspective of man-land system theory. During the development of the Greater Bay Area, we are faced with problems and challenges, such as the separation of ecological protection elements from the urban development space, the opposition between protection and utilization, the numerous ecological needs, and the difficulty of implementation and control. Ecological problems are the outstanding shortcomings that restrict the high-quality development of the Greater Bay Area. In response to the above problems and needs, this article takes the promotion of human-land harmony in the study area as the general goal, from developing a harmonious ecological restoration strategy, protecting the ecological space as a whole, giving full play to the comprehensive functions of ecological elements, and strengthening mechanisms in terms of guarantees, we have constructed a land space ecological restoration planning strategy and ideas based on problem identification -strategic guidance - overall layout and zoning policy implementation, to enrich man-land system theory, planning theories and methods, as well as to develop land space ecology for other regions as a reference.
GONG Qinghua , ZHANG Hong′ou , YE Yuyao , YUAN Shaoxiong . Planning strategy of land and space ecological restoration under the framework of man-land system coupling: Take the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020 , 39(9) : 2176 -2188 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020200413
表1 人地耦合框架下的国土空间生态修复规划与传统生态规划的区别Tab. 1 The difference between the national land space ecological restoration plan and the traditional ecological plan under the human-land coupling framework |
| 比较项目 | 国土空间生态修复规划 | 传统生态修复类规划 |
|---|---|---|
| 规划思想 | 以“绿水青山就是金山银山”为指导,以“山水林田湖草”生命共同体为根本,以“源头预防”的主动式保护和修复为原则,突出生态过程和空间的有机融合 | 针对主要生态系统问题的修复为导向,以单要素离散式修复为主,修复路径中较少关注生态系统功能的尺度效应 |
| 规划目标和标准 | 以促进人与自然和谐共生为目标,追求人文和自然系统之间的有序协调和系统组分间的适应性,通过协调生态-农业-城镇的互动关系,强化人的生态需求,实现发展和保护的统一 | 以单纯保护生态空间,追求生态系统组分数量最大化为目标,生态保护与社会经济发展被分割在相对立的体系 |
| 规划性质 | 系统性,综合性,实施性 | 以实施性为主 |
| 规划对象 | 社会-经济-生态复合生态系统,范围涵盖全域国土空间 | 以自然生态系统为主,规划范围主要为保护生态空间 |
| 规划技术 | 源头预防-“治未病”和问题治理-“治疾病”双管齐下 | 以治理生态问题-“治疾病”为主要手段 |
| 规划尺度 | 景观到区域尺度为主 | 项目和工程尺度为主 |
| 政策机制 | 以“源头预防”和“空间规划-用途管制-保护修复”的全过程管理模式追求主动式保护修复,强化多元参与机制,鼓励“谁破坏,谁修复;谁修复,谁受益”[21] | 以“末端问题治理”为主要导向的被动式修复机制,强调“谁破坏,谁修复” |
真诚感谢二位匿名评审专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力,评审专家对本文图件完善、内容凝练、结论梳理方面的修改意见,使本文获益匪浅。
| [1] |
彭少麟. 恢复生态学. 北京: 气象出版社, 2004: 497-511.
[
|
| [2] |
方创琳, 周成虎, 顾朝林, 等. 特大城市群地区城镇化与生态环境交互耦合效应解析的理论框架及技术路径. 地理学报, 2016, 71(4): 531-550.
[
|
| [3] |
|
| [4] |
彭建, 吕丹娜, 董建权, 等. 过程耦合与空间集成:国土空间生态修复的景观生态学认知. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(1): 3-13.
[
|
| [5] |
高世昌. 国土空间生态修复的理论与方法. 中国土地, 2018, 395(12): 40-43.
[
|
| [6] |
方莹, 王静, 黄隆杨, 等. 基于生态安全格局的国土空间生态保护修复关键区域诊断与识别: 以烟台市为例. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(1): 190-203.
[
|
| [7] |
倪庆琳, 侯湖平, 丁忠义, 等. 基于生态安全格局识别的国土空间生态修复分区: 以徐州市贾汪区为例. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(1): 204-216.
[
|
| [8] |
张明斗, 冯晓青. 长三角城市群内各城市的城市韧性与经济发展水平的协调性对比研究. 城市发展研究, 2019, 26(1): 82-91.
[
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
黄国和, 安春江, 范玉瑞, 等. 珠江三角洲城市群生态安全保障技术研究. 生态学报, 2016, 36(22): 7119-7124.
[
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
任暟. 生命共同体:中国环境伦理的新理念. 光明日报, 2017-1-16(11).
[
|
| [14] |
侯增谦. 立足地球系统科学, 支撑自然资源统一管理和系统修复. 中国自然资源报, 2018-6-12(5).
[
|
| [15] |
吴传钧. 论地理学的研究核心: 人地关系地域系统. 经济地理, 1991, (3): 1-6.
[
|
| [16] |
王帅, 傅伯杰, 武旭同, 等. 黄土高原社会-生态系统变化及其可持续性. 资源科学, 2020, 42(1): 96-103.
[
|
| [17] |
曹小曙. 基于人地耦合系统的国土空间重塑. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(10): 2051-2059.
[
|
| [18] |
赵文武, 刘月, 冯强, 等. 人地系统耦合框架下的生态系统服务. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(1): 139-151.
[
|
| [19] |
杨锐, 曹越. "再野化": 山水林田湖草生态保护修复的新思路. 生态学报, 2019, 39(23): 8763-8770.
[
|
| [20] |
邹长新, 王燕, 王文林, 等. 山水林田湖草系统原理与生态保护修复研究. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(11): 961-967.
[
|
| [21] |
王守智. 让“谁损毁谁复垦, 谁投资谁受益”更奏效. 中国自然资源报, 2020-4-28(3).
[
|
| [22] |
骆保林. 武汉市基本生态控制线管控制度的探索与思考. 城市发展研究, 2018, 25(11): 43-49.
[
|
| [23] |
李果. 区域生态修复的空间规划方法研究. 北京:北京林业大学硕士论文, 2007: 1.
[
|
| [24] |
谢高地, 曹淑艳, 毕明丽, 等. 粤港澳大湾区生态足迹报告2019. 北京: 世界自然基金会, 2019.
[
|
| [25] |
李婧贤, 王钧. 粤港澳大湾区生态系统服务识别、分类及制图. 生态学报, 2019, 39(17): 6393-6403.
[
|
| [26] |
黄颖敏, 薛德升, 黄耿志. 改革开放以来珠江三角洲基层非正规土地利用实践与制度创新: 以东莞市长安镇为例. 地理科学, 2017, 37(12): 1831-1840.
[
|
| [27] |
刘通, 程炯, 苏少青, 等. 珠江三角洲桑基鱼塘现状及创新发展研究. 生态环境学报, 2017, 26(10): 1814-1820.
[
|
| [28] |
曹永强, 郭明, 刘思然, 等. 基于文献计量分析的生态修复现状研究. 生态学报, 2016, 36(8): 2442-2450.
[
|
| [29] |
徐国劲, 谢永生, 骆汉, 等. 重大生态工程规划设计的理论探讨. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(7): 1139-1151.
[
|
| [30] |
许乃中, 奚蓉, 石海佳, 等. 粤港澳大湾区生态环境保护现状、压力与对策. 环境保护, 2019, 47(23): 11-14.
[
|
| [31] |
张修玉. 粤港澳大湾区生态文明框架体系怎么设计. 中国生态文明, 2019, 32(3): 78-81.
[
|
| [32] |
曹宇, 王嘉怡, 李国煜. 国土空间生态修复:概念思辨与理论认知. 中国土地科学, 2019, 33(7): 1-10.
[
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |