Soil formation plays an important role in ecosystem sustainable functions under MA framework. This paper, by GIS-based spatial analysis, measured the sustainable functions of ecosystems in the three river sources, through soil preservation indicators. These results suggested that, in the three river sources, the features of different ecosystems determine the basic patterns of soil formation and sustainable functions of ecosystems. These patterns present lower tendency, along the orientation from southeast to northwest. The functions of soil preservation are significantly different among different ecosystems, in the order of wetland>forest and grassland>farmland>desert and bare land and bare rock. The sustainable functions of ecosystems decline in the order of wetland, forest, grassland, farmland, desert and bare land and bare rock. The patterns of grassland degradation are consistent with the distributions of soil preservation. Grassland degradation results in the reduction of ecosystem sustainable functions. Strong human disturbances cause the degradations of soil properties of each type, and induced the decline of the functions of soil formation and sustainable ecosystem. Our findings suggest that it may be useful to understand the sustainable functions of ecosystems from the aspect of soil formation.
SHAO Jing'an, SHAO Quan-qin, LIU Ji-yuan
. Soil property and its formation of ecosystems in three river sources, Qinghai[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2009
, 28(3)
: 613
-624
.
DOI: 10.11821/yj2009030006
[1] 赵士洞, 张永民. 生态系统与人类福祉—千年生态系统评估的成就、贡献和展望.地球科学进展, 2006, 21(9): 895~902.
[2] Yaalon D H. Conceptual models in pedogenesis: can soil-forming functions be solved. Geoderma, 1975, 14(3): 189~205.
[3] Bockheim J G. Soil development rates in the Transantarctic Mountains. Geoderma, 1990, 47(1-2): 59~77.
[4] Driese S G, Medaris L G, Ren M H, et al. Evolution of some physical properties related to soil quality in the degraded ecosystems of "ra a" formations from SW Spain. Science of the Total Environment, 2007, 378 (1-2): 130~132.
[5] 李加林, 刘闯, 张殿发, 等. 土地利用变化对土壤发生层质量演化的影响—以杭州湾南岸滨海平原为例. 地理学报, 2006, 61(4): 378~388.
[6] Humphreys G S, Wilkinson M T. The soil production function: A brief history and its rediscovery. Geoderma, 2007, 139(1-2): 73~78.
[7] 刘敏超, 李迪强, 温琰茂,等. 三江源地区土壤保持功能空间分析及其价值评估. 中国环境科学, 2005, 25(5): 627~631.
[8] 龚子同, 张甘霖. 人为土壤形成过程及其在现代土壤学上的意义. 生态环境, 2003, 12(2): 184~191.
[9] Doelman P. Chapter 11 Synthesis for soil management. Developments in Soil Science, 2004, 29: 307~332.
[10] Pojar J, Klinka K, Meidinger D V. Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification in British Columbia. Forest Ecology and Management, 1987, 22(1-2): 119~154.
[11] 三江源课题组. 三江源区生态系统本底综合评估报告. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 2007.
[12] 高英志, 韩兴国, 汪诗平. 放牧对草原土壤的影响. 生态学报, 2004, 24(4): 790~797.
[13] 高旭升, 田种存, 郝学宁,等. 三江源区高寒草原草地不同退化程度土壤养分变化. 青海大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 24(5): 37~40.
[14] 周华坤, 赵新全, 周立, 等.青藏高原高寒草甸的植被退化与土壤退化特征研究.草业学报,2005,14(3):31~40.
[15] 肖玉, 谢高地, 安凯. 青藏高原生态系统土壤保持功能及其价值. 生态学报, 2003, 23(11): 2367~2378.
[16] Huang D, Wang K, Wu W L. Dynamics of soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation succession characteristics during grassland desertification under sheep grazing in an agro-pastoral transition zone in Northern China. Journal of Arid Environments, 2007, 70(1): 120~136.
[17] 王长庭, 龙瑞军, 曹广民, 等. 三江源地区主要草地类型土壤碳氮沿海拔变化特征及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(3): 441~449.
[18] 高英志, 韩兴国, 汪诗平. 放牧对草原土壤的影响. 生态学报, 2004, 24(4): 790~797.
[19] Li X, Li F, Zed R, et al. Soil physical properties and their relations to organic carbon pools as affected by land use in an alpine pastureland. Geoderma, 2007, 139(1-2): 98~105.
