Dynamic simulation of central place by using agent-based modeling
Received date: 2009-11-05
Revised date: 2010-06-02
Online published: 2010-09-20
This Paper basically reviews the development of central place theory and its applications and emphasizes the fact that Christaller's theory was based on over-simplifying assumptions and shortcomings such as homogeneity in space, static and close system and empirical observations as equilibriums. Today, the research tendency of geography has changed from static, equilibrium paradigm to dynamic, evolutionary paradigm, which makes use of sciences of complexity to study and analyze the rules of spatial-temporal evolution. New paradigms such as self-organization, evolution theory and complex adaptive system (CAS) have been recognized for a better understanding of the evolutional process of spatial system and its mechanisms. In fact, the basic force driving the evolution of geographic system is inherently microscopic. Therefore, microscopic simulation insists the way in which locally made decisions and interactions between all kinds of local agents give rise to global patterns is highly appropriate. Instead of making nonlinear systems tractable by modeling complex building blocks with few interactions, we can make them understandable by modeling simple building blocks with many interactions based on the central place theory. To further explore the microcosmic foundation of macroscopic spatial structure, a computational environment is developed for better understanding of central place structure by agent-based modeling. The methodology of agent-based modeling (ABM) is a part of the theory of CAS. In this system, a two-tier agent model is built, namely, resident agent and producer agent at a low level and urban agent at a high level. The simulation reproduces and verifies the hexagonal-structure spatial pattern of Christaller by using a genetic algorithm (Genetic Algorithm, GA) on the basis of central place theory assumptions. The result shows that hexagonal macro-spatial pattern is able to emerge from the interactions among the micro agents, which pave the way for the future breakthroughs in homogeneous, static, close hypothesis of Christaller's theory. The paper argues that the hexagonal market area and the central place is a combined result out of economies of scale and transport cost. To probe for the micro-mechanism of the macro-spatial structure requires integrating traditional economic model with agent-based geographical computation.
Key words： central place; agent-based modeling; genetic algorithm; dynamic simulation
XUE Ling, LUO Bai-yu, WENG Jin . Dynamic simulation of central place by using agent-based modeling[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2010 , 29(9) : 1659 -1669 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2010090012
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