Numerical simulation on the wind-driven and tide-induced Lagrangian residual circulation and its seasonal spatial-temporal variations in the Bohai Sea
Received date: 2004-09-02
Revised date: 2005-03-03
Online published: 2005-06-15
Though the Bohai Sea hydrodynamic processes have been investigated and researched for a long period, because of its transpositional meteorological forces, its natural environment and the nonlinear interaction within the water column, it is impossible to thoroughly understanding of the hydrodynamic characteristics, especially those related to the sediment transport, i.e., the Lagrangian residual circulation （LRC hereafter） in the Bohai Sea, which is the key hydrodynamic processes we concern. By using the three-dimensional baroclinic model-ECOM, driven by the monthly-mean wind stresses calculated by Helleman and Rosenstein, the general circulation patterns and spatial-temporal variations are simulated, in which, three possible states, i.e., net wind-driven LRC, net tide-induced LRC and the coupling result of the above two factors, are considered. The tide-induced LRC of M2 constituent bears an identical pattern in four seasons in the Bohai Sea: the amplitude of the surface one is weak, and non-directional; however, there exists a southeast current from the Bohai strait to the Laizhou Bay, and a weak anticlockwise gyre in the south of the Bohai strait for the bottom constituent. The amplitude of bottom tide-induced LRC is larger than the surface one, and moreover, it bears a significant contribution in the whole LRC in the Bohai Sea. Unlike the identical structure of the tide-induced LRC, the wind-driven LRC varies seasonally under the controlling wind field. It forms a distinct circulation under the summer and winter monsoons in January and July respectively, but it seems weak and non-directional in April and September. The amplitude and direction of the wind-driven and tide-induced coupling LRCs are controlled by monsoon, which is one of the most significant factors in the Bohai Sea. There exists an anticlockwise gyre from the west coast of the Bohai Sea to the Laizhou Bay, a clockwise gyre within the Liaodong Bay, and a weak clockwise circulation in the middle of the Bohai Sea in winter. And there is a clockwise circulation along the shelf of the Bohai Sea, and an anticlockwise gyre in the Liaodong Bay in summer. Furthermore, the tide-induced LRCs, whose bottom component is the dominant one, plays an important role in local LRCs, especially at the Laotieshan waterway, east of the Liaodong Bay, top of the Bohai Bay and the estuary of Huanghe River.
LI Guo-sheng, WANG Hai-long, LI Bai-liang . Numerical simulation on the wind-driven and tide-induced Lagrangian residual circulation and its seasonal spatial-temporal variations in the Bohai Sea[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2005 , 24(3) : 359 -370 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2005030004
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