Agriculture is the basic industry in mountainous area, it is also the economic mainstay in most mountainous regions Meanwhile, mountain agricultural ecosystem is much more sensitive to global change and fragile in global change process Any types of mountain agricultural resources development will lead to change of original ecosystem and its material retention The past violent agricultural development based on changing landscape, increasing material and energy consumption has weakened the basis of agricultural sustainable development, affected stability of mountain ecosystem and biological biodiversity seriously, at the same time, it has also brought harmful effects on the surroundings Therefore, sustainable development of mountain agriculture is facing the severe challenges from both global change and mountain environment protection In order to reply the challenges above, we have to adjust the structure of mountainous agricultural economy, and establish the agricultural ecosystem that will not cause environmental deterioration, suitable in technique, feasible in economic, accepted by society, which will assure sustainable development of mountain agriculture This paper analyzes the problems that China mountain agricultural sustainable development is facing under the conditions of market economy, puts forwards the conception of designing model for mountain land agricultural use It has concluded that it is the physical geographical factors, market and land system that affect the model of mountain agricultural land use, especially market and land system are much more conspicuous in the new historic period This paper also stresses that the design of mountain agricultural land use model should obey the rule of physical variation in different regions, combination of biodiversity and size management of agricultural economy, and widening the market of agricultural products Finally we take Luoning county, located in western part of Henan province, as an example to explain the technique routine for designing mountain agricultural land use model on the basis of analysis of its present situation of agricultural land use in details But there are 3 questions remained to discuss, i e , how to play market's role to adjust and revise mountain agricultural land use model, how to organize and arrange agricultural land management in size, and how to coordinate the relationship between ecologic conservation and economic development in the process of mountain agricultural land use