Tourism employment has many positive and negative characteristics, which play a particular role in tourism labor's inter-industry mobility under different social backgrounds. Taking Jiuzhaigou as a case study, the article, through a comparative study in the existing work on mobility in Hungary, Somerset and Coventry in the United Kingdom, Jiuhua Mountain in China and Vancouver Island in Canada, analyzes tourism labor's mobility pattern, self-evaluation of mobility impacts, and mobility motivations under different backgrounds. The findings of the study are as follows. First, labor comes from an unusually wide range of industries. In foreign countries, the highest percentage engaged in trade (Wholesale and Retails Trade), and public sector such as public administration, and education and health contributed a high proportion, and mobility from declining industries was not insignificant, approximately accounting for 10%. In China tourism draws labor mainly from the traditional sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing, and high proportion of unemployed and female young labors are inclined to work in tourism. Second, the most positive impact of mobility was reported on the job satisfaction variables. The dominance of job satisfaction and physical environment may have been traded off for poor income, long working hours and job/education match. As is indicated by the multi-regression analysis, the satisfaction is mainly supported by career prospects, living standards, working hours and physical environment in China. Third, factor analysis of 30 motivation variables confirms five-dimensional structure. The means' ranking of motivation and factor display that labor mainly arrives by "positive" attributes associated with this industry and few are absorbed for "refuge". In China "instrumental utility" together with "positive" is the strongest motivational forces. "Entrepreneurial" is correlated with businessman moving from agriculture and service industry. "Instrumental utility" and "positive" are most approved by all kinds of samples, but "refuge" approved least. These rules result from the combined effort exerted by the three powers of tourism employment's characteristics, regional socio-economic backgrounds and case's features.
YANG Zhao, ZHANG Jie, CAI Yong-shou, SHANGGUAN Xiao-yan, HAN Guo-sheng
. Analysis of tourism labor's inter-industry mobilty rules based on comparison among five areas at home and abroad[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2011
, 30(3)
: 447
-462
.
DOI: 10.11821/yj2011030006
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