Urbanization development quality (UDQ) is the integrity of economic urbanization quality, social urbanization quality and spatial urbanization quality. The improvement of urbanization development quality is the key to expedite and facilitate the sound development of urbanization process in China. With the help of quadrant graph, through the analysis of the interactive coordination relation between urbanization quality, speed and urbanization level, the paper proposes 3D index ball and discrimination standard value of comprehensive measures of urbanization development quality, which is composed of three categories of indexes and 12 detailed indexes. By introducing Atkinson model, the paper constructs the sub-element measure model and segmental measure model of urbanization development quality, and further makes an overall evaluation on the characteristic of China urbanization development quality and its spatial differentiation. Studies show that during 1980-2008, China's urbanization development quality reached a medium level generally, and was improving slowly. However, the speed of quality improvement is lower than that of speed improvement. The classified urbanization quality presents the stance of economic urbanization quality < social urbanization quality < spatial urbanization quality; provincial urbanization development quality improves in varying degrees throughout China and exhibits the spatial and spatiotemporal difference of "inland→coastal area→inland→coastal area→ improvement in general", thus urbanization quality in the east is higher than that in the middle, and that in the middle is higher than that in the west. There is no correspondent relation between urbanization development quality and city scale. It is not true that the bigger the city is, the better the urbanization quality is. The result shows that population urbanization level does not reflect the quality of urbanization development.